Maximal lactate steady state during the second decade of age

Beneke, Ralph; Heck, H.; Schwarz, V.; Leithäuser, Renate M.

doi:10.1097/00005768-199612000-00006

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Nevertheless, in the present study, the highest BLC without a difference between the boys and the male adolescents which appeared at a relCHO of approximately 90%, was very similar to the MLSS measured in children, adolescents and adults performing 30 min prolonged constant load cycling tests at the same pedalling cadence (Beneke et al 1996a(Beneke et al , b, 2000. The corresponding relCHO was comparable to results found at MLSS exercise intensity in adults (Billat et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The maximal lactate steady state (MLSS), which indicates the transition from heavy to severe exercise, remains more or less unchanged during maturation in men (Beneke et al 1996a). Contrary to this, however, there is strong evidence that at termination of incremental load tests and particularly following maximum intensity short term exercise the BLC is lower in children than in adolescents (Welsman and Armstrong 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). This approach links the interpretation of indirect calorimetry with capillary BLC measurements, which may help to explain the phenomenon of having no difference in the BLC response to moderate and heavy aerobic exercise conditions (Beneke et al 1996a) and a higher BLC at and above the severe intensity domain in adolescents than in boys (Beneke et al 2007). The following hypotheses were tested: (a) relCHO reflects a sigmoidal function of pyruvate availability for all aerobic tissues as indicated by the BLC (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbohydrate and fat metabolism related to blood lactate in boys and male adolescents

2008

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The half maximal constant (k (el)) of the relative rate of carbohydrate oxidation (relCHO) was individually approximated (relCHO = 100/(1 + k (el)/BLC(2)) as a function of the blood lactate concentration (BLC) in 11 pre-pubertal boys and 11 male adolescents (age: 11.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 16.4 +/- 0.2 years, height: 151.6 +/- 1.7 vs. 182.4 +/- 2.3 cm, body mass: 38.2 +/- 1.1 vs. 68.7 +/- 2.3 kg, all P < 0.001) during incremental cycle ergometry. k (el) explained 89.0 +/- 2.2 and 91.9 +/- 2.2% of the variance of the reliance on CHO in boys and adolescents respectively (both P < 0.001). No difference in k (el) [1.34 +/- 0.40 vs. 1.48 +/- 0.30 (mmol l(-1))(2)] was found between boys and adolescents. The BLC was lower (P < 0.05) in boys when relCHO was higher than 91.2 +/- 2.1 and 92.1 +/- 1.3% in boys and adolescents respectively. This seems to explain why the reliance on CHO and the BLC are independent of maturation in the moderate and heavy exercise intensity domain and the BLC but not the relCHO which is higher under severe and maximal exercise conditions in more mature subjects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbohydrate and fat metabolism related to blood lactate in boys and male adolescents

2008

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“…Differences between the previously published and the present values of relative energy yield from aerobic and anaerobic metabolism during WanT may also be due to the fact that in previous studies the anaerobic and aerobic fractions were not measured, but estimated on the basis of assumed biomechanical efficiency (Inbar et al 1996;Serresse et al 1988;Smith and Hill 1991). The effect of such assumptions is shown by the differences between the directly measured _ V V O 2 above values at rest or net [La -] b accumulation and those calculated on the basis of a set of mechanical efficiencies ranging between 12% and 22% (Beneke et al 1996;Boas et al 1999;Inbar et al 1996;Serresse et al 1988;Smith and Hill 1991). For example, in the present study, assuming an efficiency of 22%, the yields from aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism, estimated from the mean power and the _ V V O 2 or net [La -] b accumulation would turn out to be 26% and 74%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How anaerobic is the Wingate Anaerobic Test for humans?

Beneke

Pollmann²,

Bleif³

et al. 2002

European Journal of Applied Physiology

216

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The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) is generally used to evaluate anaerobic cycling performance, but knowledge of the metabolic profile of WAnT is limited. Therefore the energetics of WAnT was analysed with respect to working efficiency and performance. A group of 11 male subjects [mean (SD), age 21.6 (3.8) years, height 178.6 (6.6) cm, body mass 82.2 (12.1) kg] performed a maximal incremental exercise test and a WAnT. Lactic and alactic anaerobic energy outputs were calculated from net lactate production and the fast component of the kinetics of post-exercise oxygen uptake. Aerobic metabolism was determined from oxygen uptake during exercise. The WAnT mean power of 683 (96.0) W resulted from a total energy output above the value at rest of 128.1 (23.2) kJ x 30 s(-1) [mean metabolic power=4.3 (0.8) kW] corresponding to a working efficiency of 16.2 (1.6)%. The WAnT working efficiency was lower (P < 0.01) than the corresponding value of 24.1 (1.7)% at 362 (41) W at the end of an incremental exercise test. During WAnT the fractions of the energy from aerobic, anaerobic alactic and lactic acid metabolism were 18.6 (2.5)%, 31.1 (4.6)%, and 50.3 (5.1)%, respectively. Energy from metabolism of anaerobic lactic acid explained 83% and 81% of the variance of WAnT peak and mean power, respectively. The results indicate firstly that WAnT requires the use of more anaerobically derived energy than previously estimated, secondly that anaerobic metabolism is dominated by glycolysis, thirdly that WAnT mechanical efficiency is lower than that found in aerobic exercise tests, and fourthly that the latter finding partly explains discrepancies between previously published and the present data about the metabolic profile of WAnT.

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“…1 Further studies reported other special conditions for adolescent athletes. Beneke et al 24 found that neuromuscular coordination has a higher influence on performance in young athletes than metabolic parameters. Williams et al 25 studied lactic acid metabolism in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new test to improve the training quality of wheelchair racing athletes

Müller

Odermatt²,

Perret

2004

Spinal Cord

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Study design: Validation of a new wheelchair racing test. Objective: To assess the reproducibility of test parameters at different, subjectively chosen, intensity levels in wheelchair racing athletes. Setting: Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland. Subjects: We tested 11 (eight male, three female) young competitive wheelchair racing athletes. Their age was 20.576.4 years, height 164.7716.3 cm and weight 54.179.2 kg. Average weekly training time was 6.872.7 h. All had been engaged in regular training for over 3.972.8 years.Methods: Within a period of 371 days, every athlete completed two identical tests in their own racing chair on a training roller. The tests consisted of five 1500 m bouts at routine training intensities of 1 (warm-up) up to 5 (race speed), with a rest of 2 min between each bout. The athletes were blinded to all the collected data during the whole of the test, except for indications of the 500, 1000 and 1500 m markers. We measured the overall time (for 1500 m), average speed, stroke frequency, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and the concentration of lactic acid for all five intensity bouts. In order to get a measure on how reproducible these intensity levels were, we compared the two tests of each athlete with each other, and calculated the rootmean-squared coefficients of variation (CV) for all measured parameters during every bout. Results: CVs of the measured data show that the most reproducible values were found for bout 5 (2.6-7.9%); except for the lactic acid parameter. The heart rate (CV: 3.1-6.4%) and stroke frequency (CV: 6.5-7.9%) parameters reached rather constant values throughout all five bouts. Lactic acid concentrations showed very high CVs (16.8-29.7%). Conclusion: We conclude that this test is, with the exception of the lactic acid measurements, well reproducible, and particularly suitable for young wheelchair athletes. We find it to be a helpful tool for improving awareness for the individual training intensities, and for pursuing the development of the training process, as particularly the high-intensity bouts are well reproducible.

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Maximal lactate steady state during the second decade of age

Cited by 40 publications

References 26 publications

Carbohydrate and fat metabolism related to blood lactate in boys and male adolescents

Carbohydrate and fat metabolism related to blood lactate in boys and male adolescents

How anaerobic is the Wingate Anaerobic Test for humans?

A new test to improve the training quality of wheelchair racing athletes

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