Maximal fat oxidation during exercise is positively associated with 24-hour fat oxidation and insulin sensitivity in young, healthy men

Robinson, Scott; Hattersley, John; Frost, Gary; Chambers, Edward S.; Wallis, Gareth A.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00058.2015

Cited by 74 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Thompson et al (53) suggested that a ∼5% increase in FAT-OX while physically active could make important contributions to the maintenance of the daily fat balance. This suggestion was supported by our recent linking of the capacity for FAT-OX during exercise with 24-h FAT-OX (6). The findings presented in the current study, in a large, diverse, healthy population, suggest a dietary macronutrient manipulation could exert modest effects on FAT-OX during physical activity that are applicable to real-world settings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…In addition, a high respiratory quotient, which is indicative of low FAT-OX relative to carbohydrate oxidation, is predictive of both future body mass gain (2–4) and the regain of fat mass (FM) after diet-induced reductions in body mass (5). Exercise acutely increases both energy expenditure and FAT-OX, and the capacity to oxidize fat during exercise is related to daily FAT-OX and insulin sensitivity (6). Therefore, a further understanding of the factors that influence FAT-OX during exercise could help to optimize the use of physical activity for the maintenance of metabolic health, body mass, and body composition (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary intake is independently associated with the maximal capacity for fat oxidation during exercise,

Fletcher

Eves

Glover

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Substantial interindividual variability exists in the maximal rate of fat oxidation (MFO) during exercise with potential implications for metabolic health. Although the diet can affect the metabolic response to exercise, the contribution of a self-selected diet to the interindividual variability in the MFO requires further clarification.Objective: We sought to identify whether recent, self-selected dietary intake independently predicts the MFO in healthy men and women.Design: The MFO and maximal oxygen uptake (O2 max) were determined with the use of indirect calorimetry in 305 healthy volunteers [150 men and 155 women; mean ± SD age: 25 ± 6 y; body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2): 23 ± 2]. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition with the self-reported physical activity level (SRPAL) and dietary intake determined in the 4 d before exercise testing. To minimize potential confounding with typically observed sex-related differences (e.g., body composition), predictor variables were mean-centered by sex. In the analyses, hierarchical multiple linear regressions were used to quantify each variable’s influence on the MFO.Results: The mean absolute MFO was 0.55 ± 0.19 g/min (range: 0.19–1.13 g/min). A total of 44.4% of the interindividual variability in the MFO was explained by the O2 max, sex, and SRPAL with dietary carbohydrate (carbohydrate; negative association with the MFO) and fat intake (positive association) associated with an additional 3.2% of the variance. When expressed relative to fat-free mass (FFM), the MFO was 10.8 ± 3.2 mg · kg FFM−1 · min−1 (range: 3.5–20.7 mg · kg FFM−1 · min−1) with 16.6% of the variability explained by the O2 max, sex, and SRPAL; dietary carbohydrate and fat intakes together explained an additional 2.6% of the variability. Biological sex was an independent determinant of the MFO with women showing a higher MFO [men: 10.3 ± 3.1 mg · kg FFM−1 · min−1 (3.5–19.9 mg · kg FFM−1 · min−1); women: 11.2 ± 3.3 mg · kg FFM−1 · min−1 (4.6–20.7 mg · kg FFM−1 · min−1); P < 0.05].Conclusion: Considered alongside other robust determinants, dietary carbohydrate and fat intake make modest but independent contributions to the interindividual variability in the capacity to oxidize fat during exercise. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02070055.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake is independently associated with the maximal capacity for fat oxidation during exercise,

Fletcher

Eves

Glover

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…In addition, an exercise bout of low intensity exercise performed at fast in the morning increases the oxidative use of lipids all over the day [31]. Exercise targeted on lipids also corrects obesogenic disturbances such as insulin resistance [32]. Actually, this relationship between lipid oxidation at the beginning of the study and weight loss is no longer found after 1 year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term (3 years) weight loss after low intensity endurance training targeted at the level of maximal muscular lipid oxidation

Drapier¹,

Chérif²,

Richou³

et al. 2018

Integr Obesity Diabetes

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Among various strategies of exercise intensification proposed for the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes, endurance training remains a well recognized procedure. When targeted with exercise calorimetry at levels where lipid oxidation is maximal (LIPOXmax), it has been shown to improve mitochondrial respiration, blood glucose control and blood lipids, low grade inflammation and body composition, even at low weekly volume. We investigated in this study its long term effects over 3 years (3x45 min/week) compared to low fat diet without exercise (LFD) and a control group without any exercise or diet (C). 88 subjects that continued LIPOXmax training more than 1 year (23 men, 65 women, age=20-85 years, body mass index =23-48 kg/m 2 ) were compared to two matched groups (C and LFD). While C gained weight over this period, LFD and LIPOXmax group lose weight. Weight loss at 1 year was the same in exercise and diet group, but at 2 years and even more at 3 years there was a gradual weight regain in LFD so that results were better (p<0.01) in the exercise group who maintained weight loss in 80% of subjects. Average weight loss was -2,95 ± 0,37 kg after 3 months, -4,56 ± 0,68 kg after 1 year, -5,31 ± 1,26 kg at 2 years and -8,49 ± 2,39 kg at 3 years. The level at which LIPOXmax occurs is a predictor of weight loss at 1 year (r=-0,346 p<0,001) but not at 2 and 3 years. Weight loss at 3 months is a predictor of weight loss at 1 year (r=0,523 p<0,001) but not at 2 and 3 years. At 1 year subjects with LIPOX max in the lower quartile (<35% VO2max n=23) lose less weight than the others (-2.3 ± 0.98 vs -5.4 ± 0.83 p=0,05) but this difference vanishes over time. This study shows that this low intensity exercise training maintains its weight-reducing effect 3 years while diet is no longer efficient, and that this effect is initially related to muscular ability to oxidize lipids but that metabolic and behavioral adaptations have been further developed and contribute to a long lasting effect.By contrast, low intensity endurance, that promotes lipid oxidation, has been proposed since almost twenty years as a promising strategy against obesity [8][9][10][11][12] .When targeted with exercise calorimetry at levels where lipid oxidation is maximal (LIPOXmax), it has been shown to improve mitochondrial respiration [13], blood glucose control and blood lipids, low grade inflammation and body composition, even at low weekly volume [14]. Surprisingly, this approach generated less literature, perhaps because its weight-reducing effects over the short term, although significant, were not spectacular.However, its prolonged use has been shown to result in a sustained weight loss [15] which contrasts with the quite constant weight regain observed in almost all classical strategies [16]. In this study we aimed at determining over 3 years the kinetics of weight evolution of patients trained with low volumes of low intensity exercise targeted by exercise calorimetry in comparison with controls who did not change their lifestyle and class...

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“…An earlier shift to CHO oxidation and significantly lower maximal fat oxidation rates (MFO) were observed with obese participants compared to normal-weight indicating metabolic inflexibility amongst the obese cohort (Perez- Martin et al, 2001). However, in healthy participants Robinson, Hattersley, Frost, Chambers, and Wallis (2015) demonstrated a significant positive correlation between MFO and both 24-hour fat oxidation and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, in obese yet metabolically healthy participants, FATMAX training elicited a 44% increase in fat oxidation rates and 27% increase in insulin sensitivity index (Venables & Jeukendrup, 2008).…”

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confidence: 82%

The effects of Montmorency tart cherry juice supplementation and FATMAX exercise on fat oxidation rates and cardio-metabolic markers in healthy humans

2018

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Montmorency tart cherries (Prunus cerasus L.) are rich in anthocyanins, compounds capable of augmenting fat oxidation and regulating metabolic dysfunction. The present study examined whether Montmorency tart cherry juice (MTCJ) supplementation could augment fat oxidation rates at rest and during FATMAX exercise, thus improve cardio-metabolic health. Eleven, healthy participants consumed MTCJ or placebo (PLA) twice daily, in a randomised, counterbalanced order for 20 days. Participants cycled at FATMAX for 1-h pre-, mid- (10 days) and post-supplementation whilst substrate oxidation rates were measured. Before exercise anthropometrics and resting metabolic rate were measured. Blood pressure, serum triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, total antioxidant status (TAS) and glucose were measured immediately before and after exercise. No significant differences between conditions or interactions were observed for any functional and blood-based cardio-metabolic markers or fat oxidation during exercise or rest (P > 0.05). Pre-exercise TAS (P = 0.036) and HDL (P = 0.001) were significantly reduced from mid- to post-supplementation with MTCJ only. Twenty days' MTCJ supplementation had no effect on fat oxidation; therefore, it is unnecessary for individuals in this participant cohort to consume MTCJ with exercise to improve cardio-metabolic biomarkers.

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Maximal fat oxidation during exercise is positively associated with 24-hour fat oxidation and insulin sensitivity in young, healthy men

Cited by 74 publications

References 55 publications

Dietary intake is independently associated with the maximal capacity for fat oxidation during exercise,

Dietary intake is independently associated with the maximal capacity for fat oxidation during exercise,

Long term (3 years) weight loss after low intensity endurance training targeted at the level of maximal muscular lipid oxidation

The effects of Montmorency tart cherry juice supplementation and FATMAX exercise on fat oxidation rates and cardio-metabolic markers in healthy humans

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