Maxillofacial surgical simulation system with haptic feedback

Abstract

Due to the complexity of the maxillofacial surgery, the novice should be sufficiently trained before one is qualified to carry on the surgery. To reduce the training costs and improve the training efficiency, a virtual mandible surgical system with haptic feedback is proposed. This surgical simulation system offers users the haptic feedback while simulating maxillofacial surgery. An integrated model is introduced to optimize the system simulation process, which includes force output to a six-degree-of-freedom haptic device. Based on the anatomy structure of the bone tissue, a two-layer mechanism model is designed to balance the requirement of real-time response and the force feedback accuracy. Collision detection, force rendering, and grinding function are studied to simulate some essential operations: open reduction, osteotomy, and palate fixation. The proposed simulation platform can assist in the training and planning of these oral and maxillofacial surgeries. The fast response feature enables surgeons to design a patient-specific guide plate in real-time. Ten stomatology surgeons evaluated this surgical simulation system from the following four indexes: the level of immersion, user-friendliness, stability, and the effect of surgical training. The evaluation score is eight out of ten.

The Use of Tactile Sensors in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: An Overview

“…After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 31 articles were included in the present overview . The included articles were mostly experimental studies [22,24,[26][27][28][29][30][32][33][34]38,40,[43][44][45][46][47], reviews [17][18][19][20][21]25,41,42], and a few clinical studies mainly consisting of case reports [23,27,31,39,45] and one retrospective study [36]. Grading of each included study was performed by two different authors (A.F.…”

“…Omega.6 does not provide torque feedback and the maximum force detected during simulation is only 12 N, lower than typical forces commonly used, thus a novel haptic device is required. Common procedures in maxillofacial surgery such as open reduction and palate fixation can be performed using the digital VR simulator proposed by Zhang et al [33]. In cranio-maxillofacial surgery, an important issue is restoring normal skeletal anatomy in patients with complex and massive traumas.…”