Maxillary sinus septa: A systematic review

Abstract

This review analyzes articles published on the presence of septa in maxillary sinuses. An automated search was conducted on PubMed using different key words. This search resulted in 11 papers in which the presence of antral septa was assessed. These septa are barriers of cortical bone that arise from the floor or from the walls of the sinus and may even divide the sinus into two or more cavities. They may originate during maxillary development and tooth growth, in which case they are known as primary septa; or they may be acquired structures resulting from the pneumatization of maxillary sinus after tooth loss, in which case they are called secondary septa. Several methods have been used in their study, direct observation on dried skulls or during sinus lift procedures; and radiographic observation using panoramic radiographs or computed tomographs. Between 13 and 35.3% of maxillary sinuses have septa. They can be located in any region of the maxillary sinus and their size can vary between 2.5 and 12.7 mm in mean length. Some authors have reported a higher prevalence of septa in atrophic edentulous areas than in non-atrophic ones. If a sinus lift is conducted in the presence of maxillary sinus septa, it may be necessary to modify the design of the lateral window in order to avoid fracturing the septa.

Relative area measurement of maxillary sinus by computed tomography

“…Maxillary sinus lift in the presence of a septum requires a modification in the design of the lateral window, in order to prevent intercurrences in the procedure 16 , and the success rate of sinus floor lift is clearly related to the presence of bone septa 15 . Another fact that must be observed in maxillary sinuses is the presence of absence of infectious pathologies that generate serious complications.…”

“…The anatomy of the maxillary sinus may be investigated with the use of panoramic radiographs and/or computed tomographs. Depending on the findings as regards septa, the design of the lateral window must be modified 16 , in order to prevent intercurrences in the procedure.…”

Maksi̇ller Si̇nüsün Radyoloji̇k Tani Yöntemleri̇ni̇n Ve Anatomi̇k Li̇mi̇tasyonlarinin Tedavi̇ Planlamasinda Rolü

“…45,47 Maksiller sinüs içindeki anatomik varyasyonların da, sinüs elevasyonu sırasında membran perforasyonu riskini arttıracağı bildirilmiştir. 49 Örneğin septa sayısının, kalınlığının ve uzunluğunun implant yerinin belirlenmesinde etkili rolü olduğu belirtilmektedir. 50 Maksiller sinüs elevasyonu sırasında dikkat edilmesi gereken bir diğer anatomik oluşum ise Posterior Superior Alveoler Arter (PSAA)'dır.…”

Presencia y Distribución de Tabiques Intrasinusales en el Piso del Seno Maxilar

“…Estas relaciones anatómicas pueden variar dependiendo del grado de neumatización del seno maxilar, si-tuación que se ve exacerbada al perder un diente, describiéndose neumatizaciones tanto hacia la pared anterolateral del seno como también hacia la tuberosidad del maxilar. De este modo la altura del proceso alveolar se ve alterada tanto por la reabsorción alveolar como también por la neumatización del seno maxilar (Gosau et al;Kim et al, 2006;Lee et al;Maestre-Ferrín et al, 2010;Raja).…”

“…En su piso es posible encontrar una serie de accidentes óseos descritos como tabiques intrasinusales, los cuales corresponden a elevaciones óseas lineales que transcurren desde una pared del seno maxilar hacia la otra (Gosau et al;Kim et al;Krennmair et al, 1999;Maestre-Ferrín et al;McGowan, 1993;Underwood, 1910;Velásquez-Plata et al, 2002). La presencia de tabiques intrasinusales en las distintas porciones del piso del seno maxilar determina un factor de riesgo en las variadas técnicas de elevación del piso del seno maxilar, ya que estos y debido a su morfología lineal y muchas veces cortante, pueden llegar a desgarrar a la mucosa que tapiza el interior del seno maxilar con el consecuente sangrado y complicación operatoria del momento (Chanavaz, 1990;Ella et al, 2008;Gosau et al;Greenstein et al, 2008;Shibli et al, 2007;Ulm et al, 1995;Van den Bergh et al, 2000).…”