Maxillary mucous membrane and bone regeneration after tooth extraction. The use of an autograft. Experimental study

Abstract

Relevance. The issue of oral mucosa and bone tissue restoration after tooth extraction and other dental interventions determines the study's relevance. The article presents experimental study results of regeneration processes in the animal oral mucosa and bone tissue wound surface during two operations: tooth extraction without bone structure and material grafting and tooth extraction with autologous dental tissue grafting.Material and methods. The study included 24 laboratory male Wistar rats divided into two groups. The animals of the main group underwent tooth extraction followed by simultaneous autologous tissue grafting into the extracted tooth socket. The autograft consisted of the tissues of a particulated tooth previously removed from the subject. Animals of the control group underwent tooth extraction without bone structures and material grafting.Results. On day 21, all study groups showed complete oral mucosa regeneration in the extracted tooth area. After 1.5 months of control group observation, the socket floor was filled with mature granulation tissue, transforming into fibrous tissue. The main study group demonstrated bone formation by autograft replacement in the coarse fibrous tissue growth thickness. After three months of observation, the control group showed bone atrophy at the extracted tooth site. In the main study group, there was newly formed bone tissue, which had replaced the autograft.Conclusion. The conducted experimental study demonstrates that autologous particulated dental tissue grafting leads to active new bone formation, which the histology results confirmed in 21 days, 1.5 and 3 months of followup observation.