Mauna Loa Observatory: The First Five Years

Price, Saul; Pales, Jack C.

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1963)091<0665:mlotff>2.3.co;2

Cited by 57 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, such a correlation is well supported by previous studies. While the trade wind inversion regulates convective strength on the Big Island [Price and Pales, 1963;Garrett, 1980], Cao et al [2007] showed that synoptic conditions regulate the inversion. Mendonca [1969] further showed that stronger trade winds favor stronger convection on Hawaii.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[29] Because rainfall on the Big Island is chiefly controlled by orographic uplift and regional wind flow is predominantly easterly [Price and Pales, 1963], the mixed layer on the west side (the Waikoloa Village side) is climatologically drier than the mixed layer on the east side. As a result, western dew point temperature profiles from the May 2010 campaign exhibit greater stratification than the eastern profiles and for the day in May 2010 on which measurements were taken.…”

Section: Western Mixed Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing moisture exchange between the Hawaiian convective boundary layer and free troposphere using stable isotopes in water

2013

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[1] The subtropical convective boundary layer (CBL) plays a critical role in climate by regulating the vertical exchange of moisture, energy, trace gases, and pollutants between the ocean surface and free troposphere. Yet bulk features of this exchange are poorly constrained in climate models. To improve our understanding of moisture transport between the boundary layer and free troposphere, paired measurements of water vapor mixing ratio and the stable isotope ratio 18 O/ 16 O are used to evaluate moist convective mixing and entrainment processes near the Big Island of Hawaii. Profile data from the island's east side are consistent with moist adiabatic processes below the trade wind temperature inversion. In contrast, profiles on the west side follow moist adiabatic lapse rates within discrete stable layers, suggesting moist convection sets the humidity structure of even the unsaturated regions around the island. Above the trade wind inversion, the transition from well-mixed boundary layer to free troposphere is characterized by a simple mixing line analysis, so long as the thermodynamic properties of the air mass at CBL top are known. Deviations from the mixing line identify thermodynamic boundaries in the atmospheric profile, which can persist from one day to the next. These findings indicate residual layers form during strong mixing events and regulate vertical moisture transport for multiple days at a time. Basic assumptions that synoptic-scale transport controls isotope ratios at CBL top are therefore not sufficient for describing moisture exchange between the boundary layer and free troposphere in the subtropics.Citation: Bailey, A., D. Toohey, and D. Noone (2013), Characterizing moisture exchange between the Hawaiian convective boundary layer and free troposphere using stable isotopes in water,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Western Mixed Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing moisture exchange between the Hawaiian convective boundary layer and free troposphere using stable isotopes in water

2013

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“…These external sources, taken more than 20 years prior, show excellent agreement with our own Mauna Kea extinction curve. For further comparison we turn to atmospheric sciences data from Mauna Loa Observatory 9 (MLO, Price & Pales 1959, 1963, operated by the US network Earth System Research Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). MLO is situated on the side of Mauna Loa mountain, 41 km south of Mauna Kea, at an altitude of 3400 m and 770 m below the summit.…”

Section: Comparison To External Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric extinction properties above Mauna Kea from the Nearby SuperNova Factory spectro-photometric data set

Buton

Copin

Aldering

et al. 2012

A&A

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We present a new atmospheric extinction curve for Mauna Kea spanning 3200-9700 Å. It is the most comprehensive to date, being based on some 4285 standard star spectra obtained on 478 nights spread over a period of 7 years obtained by the Nearby SuperNova Factory using the SuperNova Integral Field Spectrograph. This mean curve and its dispersion can be used as an aid in calibrating spectroscopic or imaging data from Mauna Kea, and in estimating the calibration uncertainty associated with the use of a mean extinction curve. Our method for decomposing the extinction curve into physical components, and the ability to determine the chromatic portion of the extinction even on cloudy nights, is described and verified over the wide range of conditions sampled by our large dataset. We demonstrate good agreement with atmospheric science data obtain at nearby Mauna Loa Observatory, and with previously published measurements of the extinction above Mauna Kea.

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“…The tropical high-altitude site is well protected from turbulent exchange and air pollutants at sea level by the trade-wind inversion at 2400m and is considered an excellent site for atmospheric electric investigations (Cobb & Phillips, 1962). The general climate and location of the Observatory have been described by Price and Pales (1963), and the atmospheric electrical characteristics of the site have been discussed by Cobb (1967).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Area Averaging of Atmospheric Electric Currents

Ruhnke¹

1969

J. geomagn. geoelec

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The global atmospheric electric current flow may be determined, if local influences can be eliminated, by measuring the total Maxwell current flowing to the surface of all fairweather areas. A new method to reduce the effect of locally produced disturbances on surface measurements of the atmospheric electric current density is described. Experiments indicate that in the time domain from a few seconds to a few hours the standard deviation of the total current density decreases approximately with the square root of the sensor size. Locally generated currents may therefore be effectively suppressed by area averaging.

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Mauna Loa Observatory: The First Five Years

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Characterizing moisture exchange between the Hawaiian convective boundary layer and free troposphere using stable isotopes in water

Characterizing moisture exchange between the Hawaiian convective boundary layer and free troposphere using stable isotopes in water

Atmospheric extinction properties above Mauna Kea from the Nearby SuperNova Factory spectro-photometric data set

Area Averaging of Atmospheric Electric Currents

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