Maudsley reactive and non-reactive rats differ in exploratory behavior but not in learning

Wh, Berrettini; Harris, Natalia D.; Ferraro, Thomas N.; Wh, Vogel

doi:10.1097/00041444-199422000-00005

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…These findings are consistent with a fairly robust literature showing that exaggerated stress-induced defecation is a common feature in animal models of high anxiety/depression ( e.g. , the Maudsley Reactive rat (Paterson et al, 2001, Berrettini et al, 1994, Abel et al, 1992, Fournier et al, 2002); Roman High Avoidance Rat (Ferre et al, 1995); the WKY rat (Broide et al, 2007); and others (Hashimoto et al, 2009, Beneyto and Meador-Woodruff, 2008, Beneyto et al, 2007)). Furthermore, this work is further supported by a longstanding theory that defecation in the OF and other behavioral tests is an important indicator of emotionality, with greater defecation correlating with higher levels of emotional distress (Archer, 1973, Walsh and Cummins, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

High novelty-seeking rats are resilient to negative physiological effects of the early life stress

Clinton

Watson

Akil

2013

Stress

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Exposure to early life stress dramatically impacts adult behavior, physiology, and neuroendocrine function. Using rats bred for novelty-seeking differences and known to display divergent anxiety, depression, and stress vulnerability, we examined the interaction between early life adversity and genetic predisposition for high- versus low-emotional reactivity. Thus, bred Low Novelty Responder (bLR) rats, which naturally exhibit high anxiety- and depression-like behavior, and bred High Novelty Responder (bHR) rats, which show low anxiety/depression together with elevated aggression, impulsivity, and addictive behavior, were subjected to daily 3 h maternal separation (MS) stress postnatal days 1–14. We hypothesized that MS stress would differentially impact adult bHR/bLR behavior, physiology (stress-induced defecation), and neuroendocrine reactivity. While MS stress did not impact bHR and bLR anxiety-like behavior in the open field test and elevated plus maze, it exacerbated bLRs’ already high physiological response to stress – stress-induced defecation. In both tests, MS bLR adult offspring showed exaggerated stress-induced defecation compared to bLR controls while bHR offspring were unaffected. MS also selectively impacted bLRs’ (but not bHRs’) neuroendocrine stress reactivity, producing an exaggerated corticosterone acute stress response in MS bLR versus control bLR rats. These findings highlight how genetic predisposition shapes individuals’ response to early life stress. Future work will explore neural mechanisms underlying the distinct behavioral and neuroendocrine consequences of MS in bHR/bLR animals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

High novelty-seeking rats are resilient to negative physiological effects of the early life stress

Clinton

Watson

Akil

2013

Stress

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“…The Maudsley reactive and nonreactive inbred rat strains were created as an animal model of anxiety by selective breeding. The Maudsley reactive strain shows a stable and reproducible deficit in an open field compared with the Maudsley nonreactive strain (54). Similar differences in anxiety behavior have been described between recombinant inbred strains of mice (55).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Increased anxiety of mice lacking the serotonin _1A receptor

Parks

Robinson

Sibille

et al. 1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

620

354

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Brain serotonin (5-HT) has been implicated in a number of physiological processes and pathological conditions. These effects are mediated by at least 14 different 5-HT receptors. We have inactivated the gene encoding the 5-HT 1A receptor in mice and found that receptor-deficient animals have an increased tendency to avoid a novel and fearful environment and to escape a stressful situation, behaviors consistent with an increased anxiety and stress response. Based on the role of the 5-HT 1A receptor in the feedback regulation of the 5-HT system, we hypothesize that an increased serotonergic neurotransmission is responsible for the anxiety-like behavior of receptor-deficient animals. This view is consistent with earlier studies showing that pharmacological activation of the 5-HT system is anxiogenic in animal models and also in humans.Brain serotonin (5-HT) is implicated in the control of a wide variety of physiological processes such as nociception, cardiovascular function, and thermoregulation, as well as in different behavioral processes including feeding, aggression, and response to stress (reviewed in refs. 1-5). The 5-HT system also appears to be involved in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety (reviewed in refs. 6 and 7). In recent years, our understanding of the physiological and pathological aspects of the 5-HT system has benefited from the identification, classification, and more recently the cloning of the 5-HT receptor subtypes (8). Among the receptor subtypes that have received the most attention is the 5-HT 1A receptor (5-HT 1A R). This was because of the availability of 5-HT 1A R agonists and the implication of the 5-HT 1A receptor in anxiety (6, 9).The 5-HT 1A R, like most of the 5-HT receptors, belongs to the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors (10, 11). It is negatively coupled to adenyl cyclase. Brain 5-HT 1A R is located both pre-and postsynaptically. Presynaptic 5-HT 1A R is found mainly in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei. Activation of these receptors by agonists causes a reduction in the firing rate of serotonergic neurons (12-14) and leads to the suppression of 5-HT synthesis, 5-HT turnover, and 5-HT release in the diverse projection areas (15, 16). Postsynaptic 5-HT 1A R is found in limbic regions (such as hippocampus and septum) and in some cortical layers. As in the case of presynaptic receptors, activation of postsynaptic 5-HT 1A R is generally believed to induce a decrease in the firing rate of the postsynaptic cell (14).The 5-HT 1A R has been extensively studied by pharmacological methods. Activation of the receptor by agonists results in an anxiolytic effect (17, 18). Correlations were found among the time and dose dependency of the anxiolytic effect, the inhibition of serotonergic firing in the dorsal raphe nuclei, and the inhibition of 5-HT release after systemic administration of agonists (19,20). The 5-HT 1A R partial agonist buspirone and a series of congeners also produce this neurochemical effect and are used clinically for...

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“…First, MNR rats are more active in the open field, and other novel environments, than MR rats (Imada 1970;Harrington 1972;Berrettini et al 1994), thus resembling the DeFries mouse strains studied by Flint et al (1995). Also like the DeFries strains, the differences between the Maudsley strains appear to extend to behaviour affected by the anxiolytic drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Also like the DeFries strains, the differences between the Maudsley strains appear to extend to behaviour affected by the anxiolytic drugs. Thus, although the two strains do not differ in the rate at which they acquire associative learning (Berrettini et al 1994), MNR rats performed more avoidance responses during two-way active avoidance tests and accepted more shocks in a punished drinking test (Levine and Broadhurst 1963;Commissaris et al 1992). Anxiolytic drugs given to unselected rats produce these same MNR-like effects, as well as increasing ambulation in the open field (Gray 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Lack of consistent behavioural effects of Maudsley reactive and non-reactive rats in a number of animal tests of anxiety and activity

et al. 2001

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Maudsley reactive and non-reactive rats differ in exploratory behavior but not in learning

Cited by 14 publications

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High novelty-seeking rats are resilient to negative physiological effects of the early life stress

High novelty-seeking rats are resilient to negative physiological effects of the early life stress

Increased anxiety of mice lacking the serotonin _1A receptor

Lack of consistent behavioural effects of Maudsley reactive and non-reactive rats in a number of animal tests of anxiety and activity

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Maudsley reactive and non-reactive rats differ in exploratory behavior but not in learning

Cited by 14 publications

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High novelty-seeking rats are resilient to negative physiological effects of the early life stress

High novelty-seeking rats are resilient to negative physiological effects of the early life stress

Increased anxiety of mice lacking the serotonin 1A receptor

Lack of consistent behavioural effects of Maudsley reactive and non-reactive rats in a number of animal tests of anxiety and activity

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Increased anxiety of mice lacking the serotonin _1A receptor