Mature and Immature Teratoma: A Review of Pathological Characteristics and Treatment Options

Wetherell, David

doi:10.4172/2168-9857.1000124

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…H&E histopathological examination of the tumours showed that they resembled immature teratomas, which typically have abundant neuroepithelial cells [ 47 ] as well as derivatives of other germ layers, such as chondrocytes [ 48 ]. The abundant epithelial structures observed in the tumours are likely to resemble either primitive ectoderm epithelia or neuroepithelia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Effectiveness of a Far-Red Fluorescent Reporter for Tracking Stem Cells In Vivo

Zhou

Sharkey

Shukla

et al. 2017

IJMS

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Far-red fluorescent reporter genes can be used for tracking cells non-invasively in vivo using fluorescence imaging. Here, we investigate the effectiveness of the far-red fluorescent protein, E2-Crimson (E2C), for tracking mouse embryonic cells (mESCs) in vivo following subcutaneous administration into mice. Using a knock-in strategy, we introduced E2C into the Rosa26 locus of an E14-Bra-GFP mESC line, and after confirming that the E2C had no obvious effect on the phenotype of the mESCs, we injected them into mice and imaged them over nine days. The results showed that fluorescence intensity was weak, and cells could only be detected when injected at high densities. Furthermore, intensity peaked on day 4 and then started to decrease, despite the fact that tumour volume continued to increase beyond day 4. Histopathological analysis showed that although E2C fluorescence could barely be detected in vivo at day 9, analysis of frozen sections indicated that all mESCs within the tumours continued to express E2C. We hypothesise that the decrease in fluorescence intensity in vivo was probably due to the fact that the mESC tumours became more vascular with time, thus leading to increased absorbance of E2C fluorescence by haemoglobin. We conclude that the E2C reporter has limited use for tracking cells in vivo, at least when introduced as a single copy into the Rosa26 locus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Effectiveness of a Far-Red Fluorescent Reporter for Tracking Stem Cells In Vivo

Zhou

Sharkey

Shukla

et al. 2017

IJMS

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“…The standard treatment for all testicular tumors in adults is radical inguinal orchiectomy. In the setting of a pure teratoma with advanced disease and elevation of tumor markers, chemotherapy is the systemic therapy of choice [ 14 ]. Approximately 70% to 80% of patients with metastatic disease will be cured with cisplatin-based chemotherapy combined with surgery to resect residual disease as an integral part of management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular Cancer Presenting as Gastric Variceal Hemorrhage

Salazar-Mejía

Hernández‐Barajas

Llerena-Hernández

et al. 2017

Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine

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Testicular cancer is the most common solid malignancy affecting males between the ages of 15 and 35. The symptomatology caused by this tumor varies according to the site of metastasis. We present the case of a 26-year-old male who arrived to the emergency department with hematemesis. He had no previous medical history. On arrival, we noted enlargement of the left scrotal sac. There was also a mass in the left scrotum which provoked displacement of the penis and right testis. The serum alpha-fetoprotein level was 17,090 ng/mL, lactate dehydrogenase was 1480 U/L, and human chorionic gonadotropin was 287.4 IU/mL. Upper endoscopy revealed a type 1 isolated gastric varix, treated with cyanoacrylate. A CT scan showed extrinsic compression of the portal vein by lymphadenopathy along with splenic vein partial thrombosis, which caused left-sided portal hypertension. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was started with etoposide and cisplatin, and seven days later the patient underwent left radical orchiectomy. A postoperative biopsy revealed a pure testicular teratoma. Noncirrhotic left portal hypertension with bleeding from an isolated gastric varix secondary to metastasic testicular cancer has not been described before. Clinicians must consider the possibility of malignancy in the differential diagnosis of a young man presenting with unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding.

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“…Immature forms contain incompletely differentiated components resembling embryonic and fetal tisues. Immature forms of teratomas are commonly detected in adults (4,5). Testicular dermoid cysts are rare benign lesions that may be classified as a variant of mature teratoma whereas they occur in the testis without atrophy and abnormal spermatogenesis (2,4,5).…”

Section: Pure Testicular Teratomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pure Testicular Cystic Teratoma in an Adult Patient

Sekerci¹,

Yılmaz²,

Yılmaz³

2015

jus

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Pure Testicular TeratomaTesticular tumors are the most common solid tumors in men aged between 15 and 35 year and they account for 1-2% of all male malignancies (1). Cryptorchidism, infertility, trauma, exposure of the mother to exogenous estrogen during pregnancy and infections are the risk factors for testicular cancer. Although most of the tumors (90-95%) originate from germ cells, they may develop from different cell types. Gonadal germ cell tumors (GCTs) of the testis are divided into two groups as seminomas and non-seminoma GTSs (NSGCTs) in which pure teratoma is a subtype of NSGCT (1,2). Pure teratoma is a rare condition accounting for 2-6% of all NSGCTs in adults. Pure form of teratoma is more common in children which constitutes 38% of testicular GCT and 3% of them in adults. They are detected more commonly in children with the incidence of the testicular GCT, 3% in adults and 38% in children, respectively (3). Besides, pure teratomas represent 95% of all ovarian GCTs (1,2). The behavior of testicular teratoma is often aggressive and depends on the patient age, but there is no relationship between the behavior of ovarian teratoma and age.A 29-year-old male presented to our urology clinic with the complaint of a painless testicular mass. A septated avascular cystic mass was observed on ultrasound (US) with twinkling artifacts suggesting calcifications on color Doppler US (Figure 1). Testicular tumor markers, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and alphafetoprotein, were normal before radical orchiectomy. Pathological investigation of the surgical specimen revealed pure cystic teratoma (Figure 2). Computed tomography and positron emission tomography showed a spiculated pulmonary nodule in the left lung. In the light of this finding, the patient was referred to the uro-oncology clinic and received chemotherapy after detection of the metastatic pulmonary nodule.Teratomas consist of elements derived from more than one germ cell layer (endoderm, mesoderm and/or ectoderm). Histologically they are classified as mature, immature and malignant. Mature teratomas are well differentiated relative to the germ cell layers

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Mature and Immature Teratoma: A Review of Pathological Characteristics and Treatment Options

Cited by 19 publications

References 40 publications

Assessing the Effectiveness of a Far-Red Fluorescent Reporter for Tracking Stem Cells In Vivo

Assessing the Effectiveness of a Far-Red Fluorescent Reporter for Tracking Stem Cells In Vivo

Testicular Cancer Presenting as Gastric Variceal Hemorrhage

Pure Testicular Cystic Teratoma in an Adult Patient

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