Maturational Changes in Renal Blood Flow in Piglets

Gruskin, Alan B.; Edelmann, Chester M.; Yuan, Songyang

doi:10.1203/00006450-197001000-00001

Cited by 174 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This is in agreement with our previous finding (4) and has also been observed by others in experimental studies in animals (31). The increase in systemic blood pressure that occurs during postnatal maturation could well result in an increase in glomerular flow and transglomerular pressure in premature neonates whose renal autoregulation may still not be totally efficient.…”

Section: P H M a Creatinine Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 83%

Renal Function in Preterm Neonates

Guignard

1994

Pediatr Res

216

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The plasma creatinine concentration is elevated at birth and decreases concomitantly with the rapid increase in glomerular filtration rate that occurs in the first postnatal weeks. The velocity of these changes was assessed during the first 3 wk of life of 66 term and preterm infants. The plasma creatinine concentration, creatinine clearance, and sodium fractional excretion were measured serially at weekly intervals, starting 1-4 d after birth [mean = 1.5 -c 0.8 (SD) dl. Premature infants were separated into three groups according to their birth weight: group 1, 1001 to 1500 g; group 2, 1501 to 2000 g; and group 3, 2001 to 2500 g. Group 4 included 28 term infants (mean birth weight = 3165 ? 78 g). Mean gestational ages in the preterm groups were 31.3, 32.8, and 34.4 wk in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The plasma creatinine concentration on d 1.

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Section: P H M a Creatinine Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 83%

Renal Function in Preterm Neonates

Guignard

1994

Pediatr Res

216

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“…During the control period the total renal blood flow was 2.46 ml/min/g kidney and represented 11.6% of the actual cardiac output. This percentage of cardiac output t o the kidney is similar to that reported for 8-day-old rhesus monkeys but slightly higher than that reported in seven day old piglets (7). During the control period, the flow t o t h e inner cortex was 2.54 ml/min/g.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Gruskin e t al. (7) have shown in infant piglets that this low renal blood flow increases by a fall in intrinsic renal vascular resistance which results in a greater percentage of the cardiac output going t o the kidneys. Jose and colleagues (11) subsequently demonstrated by using 3 3~e washout techniques, that cortical flow (component I ) was low when compared with medullary flow (component 11) in puppies up to 4 months of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation on Intrarenal Blood Flow in Infant Primates

et al. 1974

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Extractcortical flow rates in patients with acute failure. Horster and Measurement of intrarenal distribution of renal blood flow by injection of radionuclides in 3-5-day-old infant monkeys showed a preponderance of outer cortical over inner cortical " flow with flow rates of 4.23 and 2.54 ml/min/g, respectively.Intermit tent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) causes a reversal of this flow pattern. The theoretical difference in nephron function in these two areas suggests that this reversal in intrarenal flow induced by IPPV may have important clinical implications. SpeculationExtrarenal stimuli such as IPPV causes a redistribution of intrarenal blood flow in infant primates. Any stimuli that results in increased production of epinephrine or similar compounds may be responsible for this redistribution by a local effect on outer cortical blood vessels. Our data further suggest that antidiuretic hormone may influence intrarenal blood flow in addition to altering tubular membrane permeability.

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“…It becomes~obvious ihat mean transit time expressed as ratio of pulmonary blood volume and flow must decrease considerably during development of piglets. Low volume-to-flow ratios can also be judged for the brain, kidney, and heart muscle by comparison of our results with relevant blood flow data in piglets (13,25,29,42).…”

Section: Age (Days)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Volume and Hematocrit in Various Organs in Newborn Piglets

Linderkamp¹,

Berg²,

Betke³

et al. 1980

Pediatr Res

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Summaryborn to healthy sows at known full term. All piglets were suckledPlasma volume and red cell mass of various organs in piglets aged 24 hr (n = 7) and 7 (n = 6). and 14 (n = 6) days were measured using eemTc-labeled albumin and "Cr-labeled red blood cells. Organ activities were counted in a whole-body counter. Blood volume and hematwrit were calculated. The blood volumes in $/g varied markedly between various organs. The lowest blood volumes at 24 hr of age were found in skin (21.9 + 5.0 pl/g), brain (33.3 ~t 8.4), and skeletal muscle (35.5 + 7.4). The highest values at this age were noted in liver (670.0 + 89.1), lung (533.8 f 80.7), spleen (332.0 + 82.8), and kidney (300.6 + 55.5). Blood volumes of about 150 pl/g were observed in heart muscle and thyroid gland and those of about 100 pl/g in thymus and gastrointestinal tract.The total blood volume was 100.2 * 3.9 pl/g at 24 hr and remained unchanged during the first 2 wk of life. A significant decrease in relative blood volume with growth was noted in liver and lung ( P c 0.01), and in skeleton ( P < 0.05). The blood volume, contained in the great vessels outside the organs, increased from 29.5 * 5.5% of total blood volume at 24 hr to 31.2 * 5.7% at 7 days and to 38.2 k 7.5% at 14 days of life. The total body/venous hematwrit ratio was about 0.84. Accordingly, tissue hematwrits of most organs were below the venous hematocrit. Only in spleen was the tissue/ venous hematwrit ratio (TH/VH) higher than 1.0. TH/VH of brain, gastrointestinal tract, thyroid gland, and thymus approached unity. The lowest TH/VH was found in kidney (0.54 f 0.08 at day 1). In skin, the TH/VH decreased from 0.98 * 0.10 to 0.82 * 0.07 during the first 2 wk of life.by their mothers. They were not treated 4 t i iron. The right atrium was cannulated with polyethylen catheters via the right external jugular vein for injection and withdrawal of blood. Each piglet received local analgesia with procaine at the site of catheterization, but no systemic drugs. Two ml of blood were withdrawn from the catheter and centrifu ed for 5 min at 1000 x g. The red R blood cells were labeled with chromium (17). Salt-poor human serum albumin (25%) was labeled by means of a commercial kit for electrolytic preparation of -technetium (New England Nuclear Corp., North Billerica, MA). Each preparation of *"Tclabeled albumin was carefully checked for particulate matter, turbidity, and pH (6). Labeling efficiency was determined with trichloracetic acid and membrane filtration (14). Batches containing more than 1% of unbound -Tc were discarded. One postmix blood sample of 1 ml was taken 10 min after injection of labeled red blood cells and 5 min after injection of labeled albumin. Previous equilibration studies have shown that mixing of red blood cells and of albumin are complete within that period (16). Loss of albumin from the intravascular space has been found negligible in this short time. The piglets were killed immediately after the labeling and blood collecting procedure by injection of 2 mval KC1 via the ca...

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Maturational Changes in Renal Blood Flow in Piglets

Cited by 174 publications

References 25 publications

Renal Function in Preterm Neonates

Renal Function in Preterm Neonates

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation on Intrarenal Blood Flow in Infant Primates

Blood Volume and Hematocrit in Various Organs in Newborn Piglets

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