Maturation of Thyroidal Dendritic Cells in Graves' Disease

Quadbeck, B.; Eckstein, Anja; Tews, Sebastian; Walz, MK; Hoermann, Rudolf; Mann, K.; Gieseler, Robert K.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01066.x

Cited by 45 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Although the exact significance of these findings remain to be clarified, an importance of tissue infiltrating DCs in these pathological conditions is now evident. The findings are consistent with others (Braley-Mullen et al 1997;Quadbeck et al 2002;Zhang et al 1996;Mizutori et al 2006;Li et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Expression and distribution of S-100 protein, CD83 and apoptosis-related proteins (Fas, FasL and Bcl-2) in thyroid tissues of autoimmune thyroid diseases

Xu¹,

Chen²,

Jx³

et al. 2009

Eur J Histochem

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Previous studies have shown that dendritic cells (DCs) and apoptosis-related proteins play a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATD).This study was designed to investigate the expression and distribution of S-100 protein, CD83 and apoptosis-related proteins (Fas, in the thyroid tissues of ATD and their role in ATD pathogenesis as determined by immunochemical staing techniques and other methods. Pathological tissues of 30 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), 30 patients with Graves' disease (GD) and 30 cases of thyroid follicular adenoma (TFA, as control) were used for this study. A higher expression of S-100 in HT (4.2±3.1%) and GD (3.9±2.8%) vs TFA (0.95±0.64%) (p<0.001). was observed as well as a higher expression of CD83 in HT (22.58±13.96%) and GD (29.92±14.43%) vs TFA (5.19±8.08%) (p<0.001). HT thyrocytes adjacent to thyroid infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) showed greater increases in the levels of Fas and FasL than did the GD thyrocytes while HT TILs exhibited lower expression of Fas and FasL than did the GD TILs. GD thyrocytes expressed increased levels of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 as compared to the low levels detected in HT thyrocytes. An opposite pattern was observed in the TILs in GD (low expression of Bcl-2) and HT (high expression of Bcl-2). The findings suggest that the high expression of DC markers is related to the pathogenesis of HT and GD. Up-regulation of both the number and matured functions of DCs may lead to the presentation of more antigens to lymphocytes which are related to the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. The regulation of Fas/FasL/Bcl-2 in GD favors apoptosis of infiltrating lymphocytes and thyrocyte survival. The regulation of Fas/FasL/Bcl-2 in HT may promote thyrocyte apoptosis leading to hypothyroidism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Expression and distribution of S-100 protein, CD83 and apoptosis-related proteins (Fas, FasL and Bcl-2) in thyroid tissues of autoimmune thyroid diseases

Xu¹,

Chen²,

Jx³

et al. 2009

Eur J Histochem

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“…All patients had an SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score (28) of Ն8. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from one group of SLE patients (n ϭ 22; 3 men and 19 women) with a mean Ϯ SD age of 33.95 Ϯ 10.23 years (range 17-57 years) and a mean Ϯ SD SLEDAI score of 11.10 Ϯ 3.22 (range [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The healthy controls (n ϭ 12 women) for this group had a mean Ϯ SD age of 28.33 Ϯ 5.30 years (range 19-36 years).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The healthy controls (n ϭ 12 women) for this group had a mean Ϯ SD age of 28.33 Ϯ 5.30 years (range 19-36 years). DCs were obtained from a second group of SLE patients (n ϭ 5; 1 man and 4 women) with a mean Ϯ SD age of 32 Ϯ 14.46 years (range 17-49 years) and a mean Ϯ SD SLEDAI score of 13.2 Ϯ 2.59 (range [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The healthy controls for this group (n ϭ 4 women) had a mean Ϯ SD age of 29.25 Ϯ 5.44 years (range 25-37 years).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The healthy controls for this group (n ϭ 4 women) had a mean Ϯ SD age of 29.25 Ϯ 5.44 years (range 25-37 years). Samples from an additional 11 female SLE patients, with a mean Ϯ SD age of 29.18 Ϯ 9.09 years (range 16-42 years) and a mean Ϯ SD SLEDAI score of 11.91 Ϯ 3.15 (range [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], were used to determine the correlation between MCM6 and serum 17␤-estradiol levels. 2426 XIE ET AL Generation of PBMCs and DCs from human peripheral blood and detection of human serum 17␤-estradiol level.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DCs are also regarded as promising tools and targets for immunotherapy (11). DCs are present in abnormal numbers in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with autoimmune diseases (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17), and high levels of circulating DC-secreted proinflammatory cytokines are associated with multiple sclerosis (18). Unabated induction of DCs by interferon-␣ (IFN␣) in the peripheral blood of patients has been proposed to drive the autoimmune response in SLE (19).…”

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confidence: 99%

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17β‐estradiol induces CD40 expression in dendritic cells via MAPK signaling pathways in a minichromosome maintenance protein 6–dependent manner

Xie

Hua

Sun

et al. 2011

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. The human immune system exhibits sexual dimorphism in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Female sex hormones, including 17␤-estradiol, are strongly implicated in the gender bias in SLE. CD40 is a costimulatory molecule and plays a crucial role in modulating the immune response of effector cells. We have previously shown that 17␤-estradiol up-regulated CD40 expression and altered minichromosome maintenance protein 6 (MCM6) gene expression in dendritic cells (DCs). The mechanism of the correlation between CD40 and MCM6 in the presence of 17␤-estradiol remains unknown. This study was undertaken to elucidate this mechanism and to explain the role of MCM6 in the gender bias in SLE.Methods. Bone marrow-derived DCs transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) for MCM6 were treated with 17␤-estradiol in the absence or presence of CpG. The expression levels of costimulatory molecules, activity of MAPKs, and levels of MCM6 protein were measured. Moreover, the functions of DCs, including proliferation, apoptosis, endocytosis, and cytokine production, were analyzed. In addition, levels of messenger RNA for MCM6 were detected in DCs purified from SLE patients.Results. Regardless of the presence or absence of CpG, 17␤-estradiol induced CD40 expression via the activation of p38 and JNK, but not ERK. The activation of p38 and JNK enhanced MCM6 expression, which then induced CD40 expression. Suppression of MCM6 in DCs abolished the up-regulation of 17␤-estradiolinduced CD40 expression. Importantly, MCM6 expression was significantly increased in SLE patients compared with healthy controls.Conclusion. Our findings indicate that 17␤-estradiol induces CD40 expression in DCs via p38 and JNK MAPKs in an MCM6-dependent manner. MCM6 may be a critical mediator of sex-based differences in autoimmune disease.

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Influence of deposition parameters on chemical properties of calcium phosphate coatings prepared by using electrostatic spray deposition

Leeuwenburgh

Wolke

Schoonman

et al. 2005

J Biomedical Materials Res

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The electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) technique offers the possibility of depositing calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings onto various substrate materials with defined chemical and morphological properties. The relationship between physical, apparatus-related deposition parameters, and the chemical characteristics of ESD coatings was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy to be able to deposit CaP coatings with tailored chemical properties. The results showed that the chemical characteristics of CaP coatings, deposited with use of the ESD technique, were strongly dependent on the deposition temperature, the nozzle-to-substrate distance, the liquid flow rate, and the geometry of the spraying nozzle. By investigating the influence of the deposition temperature, information could be obtained on the formation mechanism of CaP coatings-and specifically the biologically interesting carbonate apatite phase-using the ESD technique. CaP coatings were not formed merely because of solvent evaporation; a chemical reaction was needed to synthesize the coatings. This reaction involved thermal decomposition of the organic solvent butyl carbitol into carbonate ions via formation of intermediate oxalate ions. The amount of carbonate incorporation, and consequently, the Ca/P ratios of the deposited coatings, was shown 1) to decrease with increasing nozzle-to-substrate distance, 2) to decrease with increasing liquid flow rate, and 3) to decrease by making use of a novel two-component nozzle geometry.

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Maturation of Thyroidal Dendritic Cells in Graves' Disease

Cited by 45 publications

References 35 publications

Expression and distribution of S-100 protein, CD83 and apoptosis-related proteins (Fas, FasL and Bcl-2) in thyroid tissues of autoimmune thyroid diseases

Expression and distribution of S-100 protein, CD83 and apoptosis-related proteins (Fas, FasL and Bcl-2) in thyroid tissues of autoimmune thyroid diseases

17β‐estradiol induces CD40 expression in dendritic cells via MAPK signaling pathways in a minichromosome maintenance protein 6–dependent manner

Influence of deposition parameters on chemical properties of calcium phosphate coatings prepared by using electrostatic spray deposition

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