Maturation of the cortical auditory evoked potential in infants and young children

Event-related potentials reflect spectral differences in speech and non-speech stimuli in children and adults

“…Lütkenhöner et al (1998) localized the P2 in primary auditory cortex of Heshl's gyrus, which is consistent with our observation of spectral sensitivity of the P2 as well as with the findings of Wunderlich et al (2001Wunderlich et al ( , 2006 who showed that the P2 amplitude decreased as a function of tone frequency, and that this variability was present from infancy for the P2 but emerged only in childhood for the N1. In addition, the present findings suggest that the P2 generators might have access to more fine-grained spectral stimulus information than the N1 generators.…”

“…Auditory cortical ERPs consist of P1, N1, P2, N2, and N4 peaks. The generators of the P1 and N1 waves are tonotopically and ampliotopically organized (Pantev et al, 1989;Pantev et al, 1995), (but see Lütkenhöner et al, 2003), and it has been shown that the N1 parameters vary with tone frequency (Näätänen et al, 1988;Wunderlich and Cone-Wesson, 2001;Wunderlich et al, 2006). However, in adults the P1 and N1 waves do not show systematic amplitude or latency changes as a function of perceived sound features, such as loudness or pitch (Parasuraman et al, 1982;Woods et al, 1984;Näätänen and Picton, 1987).…”

“…This is difficult to resolve since only one positivity, traditionally identified as the P1, is present in infants and young children (Ponton et al, 2000;Kushnerenko et al, 2002;Èeponienë et al, 2002). However, a recent study that used very long inter-stimulus intervals (3-6 sec) was able to demonstrate both the N1 and P2 peaks in infants (Wunderlich et al, 2006). Consistent with this, using an Independent Component Analysis (Makeig et al, 1997), we were able to demonstrate that P2-like activity is present in a later portion of the 7-10-year-old children's P1 peak (Èeponienë et al, 2005).…”

“…Specifically, the P2 is sensitive to stimulus salience -increases in amplitude with longer ISIs (Williams et al, 2006), shows robust refractoriness effects in children and adults (Coch et al, 2005a), and enhances in amplitude during selective attention tasks (Coch et al, 2005b). On the other hand, to a certain degree the P2 also reflects content feature perception (Crowley and Colrain, 2004) -it was enhanced during a discrimination, as compared with detection, task (Novak et al, 1992) and was was larger in amplitude in response to 400-Hz tones than to 3000-Hz tones in neonates, toddlers, children, and adults (Wunderlich et al, 2006). Finally, the P2 was about 3-fold enhanced after perceptual training of initially not discriminable syllables (Tremblay et al, 2001;Tremblay and Kraus, 2002).…”

Audição e linguagem em crianças nascidas a termo e pré-termo

“…Regarding CAEP in this population, there is still the need to know more about potential features. Although some studies have already characterized, it is necessary to expand the knowledge in the pediatric population (5,9,16,17) , because in the literature there are a few longitudinal studies that analyze changes in morphology and latency of waves over time.…”