Maturation of NADPH-d Activity in the Rat's Barrel-Field Cortex and Its Relationship to Cytochrome Oxidase Activity

Vercelli, Alessandro; Repici, Mariaelena; Biasiol, S.; Jhaveri, Sonal

doi:10.1006/exnr.1999.7025

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…1 and 4). Such a pattern has been previously described for P5, P10, P15, P21 and adult rats [45], [46]. The large, lateral darkly staining region contained the posteriormedial barrel subfield representing the vibrissae in adults.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

The Emergence of Somatotopic Maps of the Body in S1 in Rats: The Correspondence Between Functional and Anatomical Organization

2012

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Most of what we know about cortical map development and plasticity comes from studies in mice and rats, and for the somatosensory cortex, almost exclusively from the whisker-dominated posteromedial barrel fields. Whiskers are the main effector organs of mice and rats, and their representation in cortex and subcortical pathways is a highly derived feature of murine rodents. This specialized anatomical organization may therefore not be representative of somatosensory cortex in general, especially for species that utilize other body parts as their main effector organs, like the hands of primates. For these reasons, we examined the emergence of whole body maps in developing rats using electrophysiological recording techniques. In P5, P10, P15, P20 and adult rats, multiple recordings were made in the medial portion of S1 in each animal. Subsequently, these functional maps were related to anatomical parcellations of S1 based on a variety of histological stains. We found that at early postnatal ages (P5) medial S1 was composed almost exclusively of the representation of the vibrissae. At P10, other body part representations including the hindlimb and forelimb were present, although these were not topographically organized. By P15, a clear topographic organization began to emerge coincident with a reduction in receptive field size. By P20, body maps were adult-like. This study is the first to describe how topography of the body develops in S1 in any mammal. It indicates that anatomical parcellations and functional maps are initially incongruent but become tightly coupled by P15. Finally, because anatomical and functional specificity of developing barrel cortex appears much earlier in postnatal life than the rest of the body, the entire primary somatosensory cortex should be considered when studying general topographic map formation in development.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

The Emergence of Somatotopic Maps of the Body in S1 in Rats: The Correspondence Between Functional and Anatomical Organization

2012

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“…At issue is whether the cytoarchitectonic map of the whisker pad can be detected into adulthood, and whether this representation persists subcortically at the levels of brainstem and thalamus. While there is sufficient data to support a long-lasting spatial relationship between NO and the layer IV barrel arrangement (Franca and Volchan, 1995;Franca et al, 2000;Pereira et al, 2000), an almost equal number of studies refute the continued expression of NADPHd within barrel boundaries and contend that such identification is only possible for a short period of time during early development (Mitrovic and Schachner, 1996;Vercelli et al, 1999). The application of NADPHd histochemical techniques in the current investigation has helped to advance the notion that neurochemicals other than CO and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) can be used to assay the topography of SI cortex, and to confirm the idea that despite age, NADPHd reactive neuropil are distributed in a barrel-like fashion.…”

Section: Expression Of Nadphd Within Trigeminal Relay Areasmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…These structural landmarks are characterized by dense accumulations of reaction product and have been shown to appear over multiple levels of the trigeminal neuraxis. The distribution of reactive patches not only resembles the cytoarchitecture associated with the central representation of the rodent whisker pad first described in cytochrome oxidase (CO)-stained material (Franca and Volchan, 1995;Pereira et al, 2000), but is thought to reflect the same intrinsic organization (Vercelli et al, 1999). More specifically, the rounded, uniform regions of NADPHd reactive neuropil have been found to correspond well with the barrel-shaped patches of layer IV.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…At this time, however, questions remain regarding the permanence of this configuration. Some investigators contend that barrel-like patterning is preserved only up to a certain point during development, while others argue that this organization persists into adulthood (Mitrovic and Schachner, 1996;Vercelli et al, 1999;Franca and Volchan, 1995;Pereira et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 97%

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Differential expression of nitric oxide in serotonergic projection neurons: Neurochemical identification of dorsal raphe inputs to rodent trigeminal somatosensory targets

Simpson

Waterhouse

Lin

2003

J of Comparative Neurology

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The dorsal raphe (DR) is invested with nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-expressing profiles. To characterize the connections of NO-containing cells and further assess neurochemical relationships maintained by DR, the transmitter identity of the raphe projection to the trigeminal somatosensory system was examined. Rats were injected with retrograde tracer into vibrissae-related target areas or with anterograde tracer into DR. NADPH-diaphorase (NADPHd) histochemistry or NOS-immunostaining was combined with serotonin (5HT)- or serotonin transporter (SERT)-immunolabeling to examine: 1) the presence of NO in 5HT-containing axons from DR; 2) the distribution of NO-containing fibers with respect to other nitrergic profiles in the somatosensory system; and 3) the propensity for individual projection neurons in specific subdivisions of DR to colocalize 5HT and NO. Results confirm that "barrel-like" patches can be identified in several adult trigeminal relay nuclei by NADPHd histochemistry and demonstrate that fibers from DR contain 5HT and NO. Observations include a high percentage of cortical midline projection neurons which contained NADPHd (70-80%) and coexpressed 5HT. In contrast, approximately 40% of retrogradely labeled DR-thalamus cells in the lateral wing demonstrated NADPHd or 5HT expression, but not both in the same neuron. Colocalization of NADPHd and 5HT within individual DR projection neurons indicates that: i) DR is a source of nitrergic input to trigeminal structures, and ii) NO and 5HT may be simultaneously released to influence information-processing within somatosensory targets. Disparities in NADPHd expression between retrogradely labeled DR neuronal subpopulations further suggest functional differences in the impact of NO on cortical and subcortical targets.

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“…During embryonic and postnatal development, neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) is observed in different cell groups of the central nervous system (CNS) at different times (Li et al 1997); it is expressed only transiently in some brain regions (Vercelli et al 1999), and there is a progressive increases in others (Vercelli & Cracco 1994). It has been proposed that NO production in developing postsynaptic neurons contributes to the establishment and refinement of afferent connections via an activitydependent mechanism (Cramer et al 1995;Cramer et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus during postnatal development

2004

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Although many reports have argued a role for nitric oxide (NO) during postnatal development, there has been no combined demonstration in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. We have investigated the distribution and morphology of neurons and fibers expressing neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal formation of rats during the postnatal development, and correlated these findings with developmental events taking place in these regions. In the cerebral cortex, the nNOS-immunoreactive cells could be divided into two classes : heavily stained neurons and lightly stained neurons. For the lightly stained nNOS-positive neurons, only the cell bodies were observed, whereas for the heavily stained neurons, the cell bodies and their dendrites were visible. During the postnatal days, heavily stained neurons reached their typical morphology in the second week and appeared in all layers except for layer I. In the hippocampus, there was a transient expression of nNOS in the pyramidal cell layer at P3-P7, and this expression disappeared during following days. The adult pattern of staining developed gradually during the postnatal period. This study suggested that these alterations might reflect a region-specific role of NO and a potential developmental role in the postnatal cerebral cortex and hippocampus.

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Maturation of NADPH-d Activity in the Rat's Barrel-Field Cortex and Its Relationship to Cytochrome Oxidase Activity

Cited by 18 publications

References 110 publications

The Emergence of Somatotopic Maps of the Body in S1 in Rats: The Correspondence Between Functional and Anatomical Organization

The Emergence of Somatotopic Maps of the Body in S1 in Rats: The Correspondence Between Functional and Anatomical Organization

Differential expression of nitric oxide in serotonergic projection neurons: Neurochemical identification of dorsal raphe inputs to rodent trigeminal somatosensory targets

Distribution of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus during postnatal development

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