“…79−82 Fatality of heart diseases partially results from the inability or extremely low capacity of CMs to proliferate. 83 BMs that support the attachment, growth, and function of CMs are highly desired for both research and clinical purposes. Typical BMs for CMs include natural polymers (e.g., alginate, collagen, gelatin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and extracellular matrix (ECM)), synthetic polymers (e.g., polyethylene glycol, polylactide, polyurethane, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), polycaprolactone, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)), and hybrid BMs.…”