Maturation of immunoglobulin G avidity after rubella vaccination studied by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Avidity‐ELISA) and by haemolysis typing

Hedman, Klaus; Hietala, Jukka; Tiilikainen, A; Hartikainen‐Sorri, Anna‐Liisa; Räihä, Kirsti; Suni, Jukka; Väänänen, Pertti; Pietiläinen, Marjatta

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890270407

Cited by 55 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Antibody avidity maturation has been used to distinguish primary from established infections or to detect passively acquired high-avidity maternal antibodies in several infections such as those with HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, rubella virus, or hepatitis C virus and may be applied as well in the context of SRLV diagnostics (7,21,26,36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Antibody Response to an Immunodominant Epitope of the Envelope Glycoprotein of a Lentivirus and Its Diagnostic Potential

Mordasini¹,

Vogt²,

Zahno³

et al. 2006

J Clin Microbiol

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The envelope glycoprotein of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) is a major target of the humoral immune response and contains several linear B-cell epitopes. We amplified and sequenced the genomic segment encoding the SU5 antigenic site of the envelope glycoprotein of several SRLV field isolates. With synthetic peptides based on the deduced amino acid sequences of SU5 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we have (i) proved the immunodominance of this region regardless of its high variability, (ii) defined the epitopes encompassed by SU5, (iii) illustrated the rapid and peculiar kinetics of seroconversion to this antigenic site, and (iv) shown the rapid and strong maturation of the avidity of the anti-SU5 antibody. Finally, we demonstrated the modular diagnostic potential of SU5 peptides. Under Swiss field conditions, the SU5 ELISA was shown to detect the majority of infected animals and, when applied in a molecular epidemiological context, to permit rapid phylogenetic classification of the infecting virus.Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) of goats and maedi-visna virus (MVV) of sheep belong to the genus Lentivirus of the family Retroviridae (18,22,39). Strong evidence indicates that cross-species transmission from sheep to goats and vice versa occurs under field conditions (16, 24, 33). Therefore, these viruses are no longer considered to be species specific and are referred to as small-ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV).The majority of infected animals mount a strong immune response to these viruses but remain persistently infected. Only one-third of infected goats develop overt clinical disease, and in sheep the percentage of animals with clinical symptoms differs greatly between breeds, strongly suggesting that, in both species, genetic factors play a key role in determining the clinical outcome of infection (11,28,29).In several countries, eradication programs have been initiated to control SRLV-induced diseases with the aim of eliminating these viruses (23). The Swiss CAEV eradication program, initiated in 1984, has reduced the seroprevalence from 60 to 80% to less than 1% and eliminated clinical cases in the goat population (14, 15). However, in the last phase of the eradication program, detection and elimination of the remaining virus carriers appear to be very difficult. The serological tools currently used (37, 38) are of limited use when applied to screen a population with a low seroprevalence. In the absence of reliable tools to directly detect SRLV, consistent serological diagnoses depend on the costly use of a combination of tests run in parallel (4). Major problems in SRLV serology are slow seroconversions and low titers of antibody to Gag in some animals. In this respect, the strong immunogenicity of the envelope glycoprotein (Env) and especially the rapid seroconversion induced by this antigen in infected animals make it an ideal candidate for diagnostic applications (2, 19). Goats and sheep infected with SRLV develop high titers of antibodies to several conformational and linear ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The avidity index values of SU5-specific serum immunoglobulin G were measured by testing the stability of antigen-antibody complexes following a wash step with 8 M urea (6,7). For this experiment, the SU5 ELISA was used in a slightly modified form.…”

Section: Cell Isolation (I) Pbmcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Antibody Response to an Immunodominant Epitope of the Envelope Glycoprotein of a Lentivirus and Its Diagnostic Potential

Mordasini¹,

Vogt²,

Zahno³

et al. 2006

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Therefore, complementary tests may be needed for the positive diagnosis of this infection. The measurement of the specific IgG avidity index (AI) has proven to be useful in a number of viral infections in immunocompetent patients, including rubella virus (8), cytomegalovirus (3), varicella-zoster virus (11), Epstein-Barr virus (2), and parvovirus B19 (16). Low-avidity antibodies are detected in cases of acute infection, whereas high-avidity antibodies are present in subjects with a history of prior infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Relevance of Immunoglobulin G Avidity for Hepatitis A Virus

et al. 2004

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Diagnosis of acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is based on the detection of HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM).However, IgM could be detected due to nonspecific polyclonal activation of the immune system. An avidity test for anti-HAV IgG was developed to distinguish acute infection, where low-avidity antibodies are detected, from immune reactivation. The assay was tested on 104 samples, including 11 sera from patients with past infection, 15 sera from patients with acute infection and 4 collected after recovery, 10 sera from vaccinated subjects, 4 sera from patients with suspected immune reactivation, and 60 unselected HAV-IgM positive sera, collected over 1 year in a routine laboratory. The avidity index (AI) was expressed as percentage. The results were provided as the mean ؎ one standard deviation. Patients with a history of prior infection had AIs of >70% (mean, 86% ؎ 10), whereas the mean AI was 36% ؎ 16 during acute HAV infection (P < 0.001). Within the first month after the onset of hepatitis, avidity was either noncalculable due to a very low IgG titer or <50%. In patients with immune reactivation, avidity was >70% (88% ؎ 10%), a finding consistent with a prior infection. Among the 60 unselected sera, 35 (58%) had a noncalculable or <50% avidity, and most of them had a detectable HAV RNA, confirming HAV infection. In contrast, 16 (27%) had an avidity of >70%, and none was reverse transcription-PCR positive, suggesting immune reactivation. These 16 patients were significantly older than the others (50 ؎ 16 years versus 26 ؎ 14 years). The new anti-HAV IgG avidity assay we developed could improve HAV infection diagnosis, particularly in elderly patients.

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“…Dilution curves for one palient iind one exposed healthy farmer with long exposure are shown DISCUSSION Avidity measurements have been a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of primary viral infections and reinfections [9.10] and in following lhe maturation of antibodies during the following 6 months after successful rubella vaccinations [4]. In allergic diseases, the antigen exposure has usually continued for a long (ime before the disease manifests itself.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finland, functional affinity of polyclonal antibodies lo large sized immunologically complex microbial antigens has not succeeded using conventional immunological affinity assays sueh as the equilibrium dialysis and precipitation tests [3]. Recently, an ELISA assay for avidity measurements, based on a new principle, worked well after vaccination and in ihe dilTerentiation between previous infections and fresh recurrent infections [4,5]. In a quantitative avidity-ELtSA technique introduced for serodiagnosis of rubella infections [4-^6], low-avidity IgG antibodies arc eluated from the immobilized antigens by urea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avidity of Aspergillus umbrosus IgG antibodies in farmer's lung disease

Kaukonen

Savolainen

Viander

et al. 1994

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYFarmer's lung disease (FL)-the commonest form of allergic alveolitis caused by repeated inhalation of mouldy hay. is associated with exposure lo the fungus Aspergithis umbrosus among Einnish farmers. The antigen-binding avidity of A. j/mA/asM.s-specific IgG antibodies was measured in 12 EL patients in acute phases of initial and recurrent attacks and during 1 year foliow up as well as in 12 healthy farmers and five healthy urban controls. The farmers* groups were further divided into two subgroups: subjects with short exposure ( < 7 years) and subjects with long exposure (> 25 years). During the first acute phase PL patients with long exposure exhibited a high avidity of /I, umbrosusspecifie IgG antibodies that remained high during the I year follow up, although tlie A. umbrosusspecific IgG antibody tilre decreased. A re-exposure lo mouldy hay leading to a recurrence further enhanced ihc maturation ofthe antibody avidity, so thai an even higher A. um6r05«s-specific IgG avidity with a less signiticant increase of antibody tilre occurred than during the first acute attack. Notably higher IgG anlibody avidity was observed in FL patients with long exposure than in healthy farmers or in healthy controls.

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Maturation of immunoglobulin G avidity after rubella vaccination studied by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Avidity‐ELISA) and by haemolysis typing

Cited by 55 publications

References 41 publications

Analysis of the Antibody Response to an Immunodominant Epitope of the Envelope Glycoprotein of a Lentivirus and Its Diagnostic Potential

Analysis of the Antibody Response to an Immunodominant Epitope of the Envelope Glycoprotein of a Lentivirus and Its Diagnostic Potential

Diagnostic Relevance of Immunoglobulin G Avidity for Hepatitis A Virus

Avidity of Aspergillus umbrosus IgG antibodies in farmer's lung disease

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