?Maturation? of DNA duplexes

Abstract

Reassociation of typical single-copy DNAs, like E. coli DNA, even when performed at relatively low temperatures, results in the formation of perfect duplexes with thermal stability very close to that of the native DNA. In contrast, duplexes of mouse repeated DNA as well as duplexes of Streptomyces DNA prepared under the same conditions, show a low thermal stability and undergo post-reassociation changes upon prolonged incubation. These changes, called "maturation" of the DNA duplexes, result in increasing of their thermal stability. Some of the factors affecting the rate of "maturation" are studied. The implication of the "maturation" process in reassociation analysis and in characterization of the heterogeneity of DNA is discussed.

Development of protein mimics for intracellular delivery

“…One common way to do so is to inhibit certain entry methods and to compare uptake and delivery efficiencies to those cells under normal conditions. [188][189][190] A summary of common methods can be found in Table II. It is important to keep in mind that inhibiting specific modes of uptake may actually cause the cell to upregulate other modes of entry or lead to off-target effects.…”

“…It is important to keep in mind that inhibiting specific modes of uptake may actually cause the cell to upregulate other modes of entry or lead to off-target effects. [188][189][190] It is also important to note that CPPs likely enter cells through multiple methods at the same time, with the different possible modes of cellular uptake being highly cell-type dependent. 116,191,192 In addition, colocalization studies, which look at where polymer/cargo complexes end up in cells, and biophysical methods, which look at interactions between polymer/cargo complexes with lipid membranes, have also been utilized to elucidate uptake mechanism.…”

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

“…The role of the effectors of hybridization, recommended starting levels, and strategies to optimize them will be the focus of this section. Readers interested in greater detail on the intricacies and interplay of events within hybridization reactions are directed to Anderson (1999), Gilmartin (1996), Thomou and Katsanos (1976), Ivanov et al (1978), and Pearson, Davidson, and Britten (1977).…”