Maturation and degeneration of the fat body in the Drosophila larva and pupa as revealed by morphometric analysis

Butterworth, F. M.; Emerson, L.; Rasch, Ellen M.

doi:10.1016/0040-8166(88)90047-x

Cited by 53 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…41 In general, our finding in the Bombyx fat body is consistent with the previous observations that autophagy emerges during insect metamorphosis. [14][15][16][17]21,27,28,[34][35][36][37] Atg gene expression profiles. Eleven putative Atg genes, including Atg1, Atg3, Atg4, Atg5, Atg6 (ortholog of yeast VPS30 and human BECN1), Atg7, Atg8, Atg9, Atg12, Atg16 and Atg18, have been identified in the Bombyx genome.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,[27][28][29][30][34][35][36][37]39 Neither autophagosomes nor autolysosomes appeared during the feeding larval stages, i.e., 5L-4. Small autolysosomes occurred at W, and double-membrane bound autophagosomes were occasionally observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is considered to be the central organ that integrates and coordinates different hormonal and nutritional signals for regulating insect development and metamorphosis. 20,32,33 In the fat body of two lepidopteran species and Drosophila, 20E-induced developmental autophagy progressively occurs during the larvalprepupal transition, 21,27,28,[34][35][36][37] and in the Drosophila fat body, EcR is required for 20E to induce autophagy. 21 We have previously determined that in the Bombyx fat body, 20E upregulates apoptosis genes to induce some apoptotic events.…”

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confidence: 99%

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20-hydroxyecdysone upregulatesAtggenes to induce autophagy in the Bombyx fat body

Tian¹,

et al. 2013

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Autophagy is finely regulated at multiple levels and plays crucial roles in development and disease. in the fat body of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, autophagy occurs and Atg gene expression peaks during the nonfeeding molting and pupation stages when the steroid hormone (20-hydroxyecdysone; 20E) is high. injection of 20E into the feeding larvae upregulated Atg genes and reduced torC1 activity resulting in autophagy induction in the fat body. Conversely, rnAi knockdown of the 20E receptor partner (USP) or targeted overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of the 20E receptor (EcR DN ) in the larval fat body reduced autophagy and downregulated the Atg genes, confirming the importance of 20E-induction of Atg gene expression during pupation. Moreover, in vitro treatments of the larval fat body with 20E upregulated the Atg genes. Five Atg genes were potentially 20E primary-responsive, and a 20E response element was identified in the Atg1 (ortholog of human ULK1) promoter region. Furthermore, rnAi knockdown of 4 key genes (namely Br-C, E74, HR3 and βftz-F1) in the 20E-triggered transcriptional cascade reduced autophagy and downregulated Atg genes to different levels. taken together, we conclude that in addition to blocking torC1 activity for autophagosome initiation, 20E upregulates Atg genes to induce autophagy in the Bombyx fat body.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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20-hydroxyecdysone upregulatesAtggenes to induce autophagy in the Bombyx fat body

Tian¹,

et al. 2013

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“…To assess gene expression changes during developmental autophagy in Drosophila larvae, we manually dissected fat bodies before and after the developmental induction of autophagy from feeding (60 h after hatching from the egg, Figure 1a) and wandering (84 h after hatching from the egg, Figure1b and e) larvae. 6,7 Samples were processed and cDNAs were hybridized to a microarray containing 3200 annotated Drosophila cDNAs. 17 About 1941 of the 3200 genes investigated were expressed in the fat body.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,3,4 In Drosophila and other insects undergoing complete metamorphosis, the larval fat body acts as a store of proteins and other materials, which are released through autophagy to provide energy and nutrients during metamorphosis and early adulthood. [5][6][7][8] The fat body, an analog of the human liver, is a polytenic tissue that grows in mass approximately 200-fold in feeding Drosophila larvae during the larval stages. After reaching an optimal mass, mature larvae stop eating and wander away from the food to find a suitable place for pupariation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gene expression profiling identifies FKBP39 as an inhibitor of autophagy in larval Drosophila fat body

et al. 2007

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In Drosophila, the fat body undergoes a massive burst of autophagy at the end of larval development in preparation for the pupal transition. To identify genes involved in this process, we carried out a microarray analysis. We found that mRNA levels of the homologs of Atg8, the coat protein of early autophagic structures, and lysosomal hydrolases were upregulated, consistent with previous results. Genes encoding mitochondrial proteins and many chaperones were downregulated, including the inhibitor of eIF2alpha kinases and the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FK506-binding protein of 39 kDa (FKBP39). Genetic manipulation of FKBP39 expression had a significant effect on autophagy, potentially through modulation of the transcription factor Foxo. Accordingly, we found that Foxo mutants cannot properly undergo autophagy in response to starvation, and that overexpression of Foxo induces autophagy.

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Histochemical and ultrastructural studies of the mosquito Aedes aegypti fat body: Effects of aging and diet type

Martins

Serrão

Ramalho-Ortigão

et al. 2011

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Aedes aegypti is the principal vector of dengue world wide and a major vector of urban yellow fever. Despite its epidemiological importance, not much is known regarding cellular and structural changes in the fat body in this mosquito. Here, we applied light and transmission electron microscopies in order to investigate structural changes in the fat body of three groups of A. aegypti females: newly emerged, 18-day-old sugar-fed, and 18-day-old blood-fed. The fat body consists of a layer of cells attached to the abdomen integument, formed by trophocytes and oenocytes. Trophocytes are strongly positive for carbohydrates, while oenocytes are strongly positive for proteins and lipids. Ultrastructural analyses of trophocytes from newly emerged and 18-day-old blood-fed indicate that these cells are rich in glycogen and free ribosomes. Many lipid droplets and protein granules, which are broken down after the blood meal, are also detected. In 18-day-old sugar-fed, trophocytes display a disorganized cytoplasm filled with lipid droplets, and reduced numbers of free ribosomes, glycogen, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and mitochondria. Following a blood meal, the RER and mitochondria display enlarged sizes, suggestive of increased activity. In regards to oenocytes, these cells display an electron-dense cytoplasm and plasma membrane infoldings facing the hemolymph. As the A. aegypti female ages, trophocyte and oenocyte cell nuclei become larger but decrease in diameter after blood feeding. Our findings suggest that the trophocytes and oenocytes remodeling is likely involved in functional changes of fat body that take place during aging and following a blood meal in A. aegypti females.

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Maturation and degeneration of the fat body in the Drosophila larva and pupa as revealed by morphometric analysis

Cited by 53 publications

References 21 publications

20-hydroxyecdysone upregulatesAtggenes to induce autophagy in the Bombyx fat body

20-hydroxyecdysone upregulatesAtggenes to induce autophagy in the Bombyx fat body

Gene expression profiling identifies FKBP39 as an inhibitor of autophagy in larval Drosophila fat body

Histochemical and ultrastructural studies of the mosquito Aedes aegypti fat body: Effects of aging and diet type

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