“…Thus, advising service did not statistically improve students' retention. Further, the findings of a study conducted by Brown and Kenney (2014) on "Matters of success: A deliberative polling approach to the study of student retention", revealed that, before participants' attended the deliberative event, they perceived academic advising as unhelpful to them. On the contrary, students' attitudes toward academic advising changed after they were exposed to academic advising through a freshman experience course.…”