Matte photographic paper as a low-cost material for metal ion retention and elemental measurements with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Determination of scaling ions in oilfield produced water by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

“…As emission intensities for most elements were high at 0.8 μs, this value was chosen; it also avoids microplasma background radiation when very short delay times are used. 23…”

“…21 A variety of methods have been developed to improve detection sensitivity in liquid samples, among which phase conversion has been proved to be effective. Several solid substrates have already been used for phase conversion, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters, 22 matte photographic paper, 23 silicone, 24 wood, 25 metallic substrates such as Al, Cu, Zn, Mg and Si, 14,26–28 cellulosic substrates 13,15,29,30 and polymeric membranes. 31 Among those cited, cellulosic substrates such as filter paper are of low cost and have the potential of being a pre-concentration device.…”

Evaluation of calibration approaches for quantitative analysis of sludge by laser induced breakdown spectrometry

“…22 In direct solid sample analysis, the internal standard is usually a major constituent element found at constant concentration in the sample and standards. 15,23 An alternative calibration approach for LIBS is based on synthetic standards prepared by spiking increasing amounts of analytes onto a diluent such as cellulose powder, 24,25 paraffin wax, 26 paper, 27 and alginin. 28 Standard addition calibration by spiking increasing amounts of analytes onto the original sample 29 or diluting the original sample is also usual.…”

Rapid automatic detection of water Ca, Mg elements using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

“…Although liquid-solid conversion can significantly improve the stability of the measurements, electrospray deposition (ESD) [35], solid-phase extraction (SPE) [36], and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) [37] have also been demonstrated to improve the limit of detection (LOD), the experimental equipment is complicated and not suitable for practical applications. The combination of LIBS and advanced materials including nano-particles [38,39], graphene [37], and metal-organic frame (MOF) [40,41] have been demonstrated for the improvement of water trace element detection sensitivity. The selectivity of specific elements can be further realized by material surface modification.…”