Matroshka DOSTEL measurements onboard the International Space Station (ISS)

Labrenz, Johannes; Burmeister, Soenke; Berger, Thomas; Heber, B.; Reitz, Guenther

doi:10.1051/swsc/2015039

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The average daily GCR dose rate observed by R3DR2 was 71.6 μGy d −1 . With similar solar modulation during the current epoch and the 2004 epoch (Potgieter, ), the EXPOSE‐R2 mission GCR daily dose rate is similar to the DOSimetric TELescope (DOSTEL) (Beaujean et al, ) dose rates in 2004 (Labrenz et al, ) of 77.6 μGy d −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Overview of the ISS Radiation Environment Observed during the ESA EXPOSE‐R2 Mission in 2014–2016

et al. 2017

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The radiation risk radiometer‐dosimeter (R3D)‐R2 solid‐state detector performed radiation measurements at the European Space Agency EXPOSE‐R2 platform outside of the Russian “Zvezda” module at the International Space Station (ISS) from 24 October 2014 to 11 January 2016. The ISS orbital parameters were average altitude of 415 km and 51.6° inclination. We developed special software and used experimentally obtained formulas to determine the radiation flux‐to‐dose ratio from the R3DR2 Liulin‐type deposited‐energy spectrometer. We provide for the first time simultaneous, long‐term estimates of radiation dose external to the ISS for four source categories: (i) galactic cosmic ray particles and their secondary products; (ii) protons in the South Atlantic Anomaly region of the inner radiation belt (IRB); (iii) relativistic electrons and/or bremsstrahlung in the outer radiation belt (ORB); and (iv) solar energetic particle (SEP) events. The latter category is new in this study. Additionally, in this study, secondary particles (SP) resulting from energetic particle interaction with the detector and nearby materials are identified. These are observed continuously at high latitudes. The detected SPs are identified using the same sorting requirements as SEP protons. The IRB protons provide the highest consistent hourly dose, while the ORB electrons and SEPs provide the most extreme hourly doses. SEPs were observed 11 times during the study interval. The R3DR2 data support calculation of average equivalent doses. The 30 day and 1 year average equivalent doses are much smaller than the skin and eyes doses recommendations by the National Council on Radiation Protection (Report 132), which provides radiation protection guidance for Low Earth Orbit.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…R3DR2 source doses were compared with the DOSimetric TELescope (DOSTEL) instrument doses from 13 April to 30 June 2004 during the MTR‐1 mission phase outside ISS (Labrenz et al, ). DOSTEL values were 77.6 μGy d −1 for GCR source and 296.1 μGy d −1 for IRB source.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the ISS Radiation Environment Observed during the ESA EXPOSE‐R2 Mission in 2014–2016

et al. 2017

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“…Figure 12 provides, as an example, the count rate (counts/sec) measured with one of the DOSTEL instruments for a time period of 12 h. It shows the nominal and expected behavior for a silicon detector onboard the ISS, with the variations in counts related to the Galactic Cosmic Rays over the nominal orbits of the ISS and the additional spikes (on average up to six per day) for the crossings of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) (see for example: Reitz et al 2005;Labrenz et al 2015). Figure 13 provides in addition the corresponding absorbed dose rate in silicon for this 12-h time period, with the minima at the equator of between 1 and 2 lGy/h followed by the respective maxima at high northern and southern geomagnetic latitudes of up to 20 lGy/h and the highest dose rates due to the SAA crossings with up to 300 lGy/h.…”

Section: Dosis and Dosis 3d: Tld/dostel Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Dosimetry Telescope (DOSTEL) instrument applied within DOSIS and the DOSIS 3D project has its heritage from numerous space missions (Reitz et al 1998;Beaujean et al 1999aBeaujean et al , 1999bReitz et al 1999;Beaujean et al 2002;Reitz et al 2005;Labrenz et al 2015). The DOSTEL instrument is based on two passivated implanted planar silicon (PIPS) detectors each with a thickness of 315 lm and an area of 6.93 cm 2 arranged in a telescope geometry.…”

Section: Active Detectors Dostelmentioning

confidence: 99%

DOSIS & DOSIS 3D: long-term dose monitoring onboard the Columbus Laboratory of the International Space Station (ISS)

Berger

Przybyla

Matthiä

et al. 2016

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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The radiation environment encountered in space differs in nature from that on Earth, consisting mostly of highly energetic ions from protons up to iron, resulting in radiation levels far exceeding the ones present on Earth for occupational radiation workers. Since the beginning of the space era, the radiation exposure during space missions has been monitored with various active and passive radiation instruments. Also onboard the International Space Station (ISS), a number of area monitoring devices provide data related to the spatial and temporal variation of the radiation field in and outside the ISS. The aim of the DOSIS (2009DOSIS ( -2011 and the DOSIS 3D (2012-ongoing) experiments was and is to measure the radiation environment within the European Columbus Laboratory of the ISS. These measurements are, on the one hand, performed with passive radiation detectors mounted at 11 locations within Columbus for the determination of the spatial distribution of the radiation field parameters and, on the other, with two active radiation detectors mounted at a fixed position inside Columbus for the determination of the temporal variation of the radiation field parameters. Data measured with passive radiation detectors showed that the absorbed dose values inside the Columbus Laboratory follow a pattern, based on the local shielding configuration of the radiation detectors, with minimum dose values observed in the year 2010 of 195-270 lGy/day and maximum values observed in the year 2012 with values ranging from 260 to 360 lGy/day. The absorbed dose is modulated by (a) the variation in solar activity and (b) the changes in ISS altitude.

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“…Also during the DosMap mission it was possible to get data from another GLE, namely GLE-60 in the middle of April 2001 (see also http://cosmicrays.oulu.fi/GLE.html). A further upgraded version of the DOSTEL was flown as part of the active dosimetry suite of the MATROSHKA experiment outside and inside the ISS in the years 2004-2011 (Labrenz et al 2015). The instruments were also used for measurements onboard airplanes (Beaujean et al 1999c(Beaujean et al , 2005 and worth to mention is that the principal design of the DOSTEL is also reflected in the MSL-RAD instrument that measured the radiation environment during the cruise to Mars and it is currently performing measurements on its surface (Zeitlin et al 2013;Hassler et al 2014).…”

Section: The Dosis and Dosis 3d Experiments: Active Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DOSIS & DOSIS 3D: radiation measurements with the DOSTEL instruments onboard the Columbus Laboratory of the ISS in the years 2009–2016

Berger

Burmeister

Matthiä

et al. 2017

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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The natural radiation environment in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) differs significantly in composition and energy from that found on Earth. The space radiation field consists of high energetic protons and heavier ions from Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCR), as well as of protons and electrons trapped in the Earth's radiation belts (Van Allen belts). Protons and some heavier particles ejected in occasional Solar Particle Events (SPEs) might in addition contribute to the radiation exposure in LEO. All sources of radiation are modulated by the solar cycle. During solar maximum conditions SPEs occur more frequently with higher particle intensities. Since the radiation exposure in LEO exceeds exposure limits for radiation workers on Earth, the radiation exposure in space has been recognized as a main health concern for humans in space missions from the beginning of the space age on. Monitoring of the radiation environment is therefore an inevitable task in human spaceflight. Since mission profiles are always different and each spacecraft provides different shielding distributions, modifying the radiation environment measurements needs to be done for each mission. The experiments ''Dose Distribution within the ISS (DOSIS)'' (2009-2011) and ''Dose Distribution within the ISS 3D (DOSIS 3D)'' (2012-onwards) onboard the Columbus Laboratory of the International Space Station (ISS) use a detector suite consisting of two silicon detector telescopes (DOSimetry TELescope = DOSTEL) and passive radiation detector packages (PDP) and are designed for the determination of the temporal and spatial variation of the radiation environment. With the DOSTEL instruments' changes of the radiation composition and the related exposure levels in dependence of the solar cycle, the altitude of the ISS and the influence of attitude changes of the ISS during Space Shuttle dockings inside the Columbus Laboratory have been monitored. The absorbed doses measured at the end of May 2016 reached up to 286 lGy/day with dose equivalent values of 647 lSv/day.

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Matroshka DOSTEL measurements onboard the International Space Station (ISS)

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Overview of the ISS Radiation Environment Observed during the ESA EXPOSE‐R2 Mission in 2014–2016

Overview of the ISS Radiation Environment Observed during the ESA EXPOSE‐R2 Mission in 2014–2016

DOSIS & DOSIS 3D: long-term dose monitoring onboard the Columbus Laboratory of the International Space Station (ISS)

DOSIS & DOSIS 3D: radiation measurements with the DOSTEL instruments onboard the Columbus Laboratory of the ISS in the years 2009–2016

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