Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors in multiple myeloma: promote or inhibit?

Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) play a vital role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), especially for tumor invasion and osteolytic osteopathy. By breaking down extracellular matrix (ECM) components and releasing the proteins composing the ECM and growth factors, as well as their receptors, MMPs affect tissue integrity and promote cancer cell invasion and metastasis. A vital pathophysiological characteristic of MM is the progress of osteolytic lesions, which are brought on by interactions between myeloma cells and the bone marrow microenvironment. MMPs, certainly, are one of the fundamental causes of myeloma bone disease due to their ability to degrade various types of collagens. TIMPs, as important regulators of MMP hydrolysis or activation, also participate in the occurrence and evolution of MM and the formation of bone disease. This review focuses on the role of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-13, MMP-14, and MMP-15 and the four types of TIMPs in the invasion of myeloma cells, angiogenesis, osteolytic osteopathy, to offer some novel perspectives on the clinical diagnostics and therapeutics of MM.

Smart responsive in situ hydrogel systems applied in bone tissue engineering

“…The bone microenvironment is a complex dynastic system composed of a specific ECM, integrins, growth factors, and functional cells (e.g., hematopoietic lineage cells, mesenchymal lineage cells, etc.) ( Li Y. Y. et al, 2023 ; Shi et al, 2023 ). By gaining a deep understanding of this special biological and physical environment of bone tissue, we can draw inspiration to design more appropriate bone tissue regeneration approaches and promote the bone-healing process.…”

MMPs-related risk model identification and SAA1 promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma migration via ERK-AP1-MMPs axis

“…However, the examination of other members of the MMP family in ccRCC remains limited. Furthermore, conflicting data exists regarding the involvement of various MMP family members in tumorigenesis 17 , 24 . Consequently, a comprehensive analysis encompassing the entire MMP family in ccRCC is imperative from a holistic perspective.…”