Matrix metalloproteinase 9 positivity predicts long term decreased tear production

Soifer, Matias; Mousa, Hazem M.; Stinnett, Sandra S.; Pérez, Víctor L.

doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2020.10.003

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The abscission of the corneal epithelium intensifies the inflammatory reaction process, finally leading to a vicious circle. Soifer et al ( 17 ) found that the increase of MMP−9 may be related to a reduced tear secretion. However, there is no evidence that regular eye rubbing causes the occurrence of dry eye, and extensive research is still needed on the relationship between eye rubbing and dry eye.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Questionnaire Analysis on Incidence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye in Children From a Myopia Outpatient Clinic

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveTo analyze the incidence and risk factors of dry eye in children from a myopia outpatient clinic via a questionnaire and Keratograph 5M.MethodsA cross–sectional study was performed. sThere were 214 children (428 eyes) selected from the myopia outpatient clinic of the affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from July 2021 to September 2021, including 105 boys (210 eyes) and 109 girls (218 eyes), with an average age of 10.1 ± 2.5 years. The incidence rate and influence factors for dry eye were calculated.ResultsThirty–four of 214 children were diagnosed with dry eye, accounting for 15.9% of the patients. The correlation between fussy eating and the tear meniscus height was statistically significant (Z = −2.158, p = 0.039), along with the correlation between short–distance use of eyes and the tear meniscus height (Z = −2.135, p = 0.033). The degree of meibomian gland deficiency was graded. The meibomian gland was graded as grade 1 in 242 eyes (68.9%), grade 2 in 104 eyes (29.6%), and grade 3 in 5 eyes (1.4%). There was a significant difference in the correlation between eye rubbing and the incidence of dry eye in children (Z = −2.747, p = 0.008). There was also a significant difference in the correlation between picky eating and the incidence of dry eye in children (Z = −2.347; p = 0.024). There was a statistically significant correlation between the time of looking at electronic products and the morphology of the meibomian gland (Z = −2.201, p = 0.028). The results showed that the effect of mild and moderate ametropia on the non–invasive tear breakup time in children was statistically significant (Z = −2.027; p = 0.043).ConclusionThere is a high incidence of dry eye in children in the myopia outpatient clinic. There is a significant correlation between picky eating, eye rubbing, and the incidence of dry eye. Looking at electronic products for a long time will also affect the morphology of the meibomian gland in children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( 16) Is your reading posture correct? (17) Are you exposed to secondhand smoke? We adopted the DEQ−5 questionnaire, which is more suitable for children than the is Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) (7).…”

Section: Questionnaires and Examination Itemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Questionnaire Analysis on Incidence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye in Children From a Myopia Outpatient Clinic

et al. 2022

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“…Like many other easy-to-use and cost-effective point-of-care immunoassays, InflammaDry attracts clinicians in that it detects MMP-9 level in tear and it offers useful information of the ocular surface. As MMP-9 is secreted into tear as a side-product of ocular surface inflammation, it provides hints of current inflammatory status of the eye, when to start anti-inflammatory treatment and judgement of the result of treatment 10 – 12 , 27 . In non-qualitative tests such as InflammaDry, intuitive grading system that reflects the target analyte concentration and that shows proper agreements among interpreters should be prepared to be widely used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of reliability and validity of the 5-scale grading system of the point-of-care immunoassay for tear matrix metalloproteinase-9

Kim

Bae

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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We evaluated the reliability and validity of the 5-scale grading system to interpret the point-of-care immunoassay for tear matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. Six observers graded red bands of photographs of the readout window in MMP-9 immunoassay kit (InflammaDry) two times with 2-week interval based on the 5-scale grading system (i.e. grade 0–4). Interobserver and intraobserver reliability were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients. The interobserver agreements were analyzed according to the severity of tear MMP-9 expression. To validate the system, a concentration calibration curve was made using MMP-9 solutions with reference concentrations, then the distribution of MMP-9 concentrations was analyzed according to the 5-scale grading system. Both intraobserver and interobserver reliability was excellent. The readout grades were significantly correlated with the quantified colorimetric densities. The interobserver variance of readout grades had no correlation with the severity of the measured densities. The band density continued to increase up to a maximal concentration (i.e. 5000 ng/mL) according to the calibration curve. The difference of grades reflected the change of MMP-9 concentrations sensitively, especially between grade 2 and 4. Together, our data indicate that the subjective 5-scale grading system in the point-of-care MMP-9 immunoassay is an easy and reliable method with acceptable accuracy.

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“…Finally, follow-up comparisons of clinical signs and symptoms of DE with successive MMP-9 immunoassays were not performed in this study. Soifer et al [ 38 ] reported that MMP-9 positivity could predict long-term decrease in tear production, and anti-inflammatory therapy to decrease MMP-9 concentration to undetectable levels may be beneficial in such cases. Further long-term follow-up studies of semi-quantitative or quantitative analyses of MMP-9 immunoassays to assess the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy would help establish treatment guidelines for DE patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of tear matrix metalloproteinase 9 immunoassay with signs and symptoms of dry eye disease: A cross-sectional study using qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative strategies

et al. 2021

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Purpose This study aimed to analyze the association of tear matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) immunoassay with the severity of dry eye (DE) signs and symptoms through qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative evaluations of immunoassay band. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 320 eyes of 320 patients. The clinical signs of DE were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disorder Index (OSDI) score, visual analogue scale (VAS), tear breakup time (tBUT), tear volume evaluation by tear meniscometry, and staining scores of the cornea and conjunctiva by the Oxford grading scheme. The tear MMP-9 immunoassay results were interpreted using qualitative (positive or negative), semi-quantitative (reagent band density on a four-point scale: 0 = negative; 1 = weakly positive; 2 = moderately positive; 3 = strongly positive), and quantitative (ratio of reagent band density to control band density) indicators. Results Positive MMP-9 immunoassay results were significantly related to shorter tBUT, tBUT ≤3 seconds, higher corneal staining score, corneal staining score ≥2, and conjunctival staining score ≥2. The semi-quantitative results of the MMP-9 immunoassay were positively correlated with higher corneal staining score (r = 0.122, p = 0.029) and negatively correlated with tBUT (r = -0.125, p = 0.025). However, in the quantitative analysis, none of the DE signs or symptoms were correlated to the band density of the MMP-9 immunoassay. Conclusions The positive MMP-9 immunoassay results were related to the severity of ocular signs of DE. However, using quantitative measures of the MMP-9 immunoassay to assess the clinical severity of DE requires further investigation.

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Matrix metalloproteinase 9 positivity predicts long term decreased tear production

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Questionnaire Analysis on Incidence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye in Children From a Myopia Outpatient Clinic

Questionnaire Analysis on Incidence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye in Children From a Myopia Outpatient Clinic

Assessment of reliability and validity of the 5-scale grading system of the point-of-care immunoassay for tear matrix metalloproteinase-9

Association of tear matrix metalloproteinase 9 immunoassay with signs and symptoms of dry eye disease: A cross-sectional study using qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative strategies

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