Matrix-matched standards for the quantification of elemental lithium ion battery degradation products deposited on carbonaceous negative electrodes using pulsed-glow discharge-sector field-mass spectrometry

Evertz, Marco; Schwieters, Timo; Börner, Markus; Winter, Martin; Nowak, Sascha

doi:10.1039/c7ja00129k

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Quantitative results of the lithium deposition on a cycled anode; qualitative results of cycled graphitic anode with respect to common depositing isotopes; both over 3 cycles in voltage ranges from 4.55 to 2.5 V at charging rates of 15 mA/g (0.1C); parameters for the GD-SF-MS analysis the same as for calibration approach. Reprinted with permission from ref . Copyright Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

Section: Transition Metal Dissoluton Migration and Deposition: Electr...contrasting

confidence: 74%

“…However, no quantitative assessment of transition metals or lithium at the surface of the anode was performed. Due to the lack of commercially available analytical standards and certified reference materials (CRMs), one focus was set on the development of homemade matrix-matched standards. , With the help of these standards, surface sensitive plasma-based techniques like LA-ICP-MS or glow discharge-sector field-mass spectrometry (GD-SF-MS) were applied. In the latter case, these standards were used for the investigation of elemental degradation products (lithium, nickel, cobalt and manganese) from NMC111 electrodes.…”

Section: Transition Metal Dissoluton Migration and Deposition: Electr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Cations on the Performance of Lithium Ion Batteries: A Quantitative Analytical Approach

Nowak

Winter

2018

Acc. Chem. Res.

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Lithium ion batteries are nowadays the state-of-the-art power sources for portable electronic devices and the most promising candidate for energy storage in large-size batteries, e.g., pure and hybrid vehicles. However, the degradation of the cell components minimizes both storage and operation lifetime (calendar and cycle life), which is called aging. Due to the numerous different aging effects, in either the single constituents or their interactions with each other, many reports about methodologies and techniques, both electrochemical and analytical, can be found in the literature. However, quantitative data about the degradation effects were seldom stated. One important effect is the cation distribution and migration during operation. Metal dissolution and metal migration of the cathode and the corresponding deposition of these metals on the graphitic anode are known harmful degradation effects, especially for the formed solid electrolyte interphase on the surface of the anode. Depending on the applied cell chemistries and therefore the cathode material, different mechanisms were reported so far. For lithium manganese oxide based cells, the acidification of the electrolyte due to composition of the conduction salt is attributed as the main source of metal migration. Due to subsequent loss of manganese from the cathode, the overall performance of the cell is seriously impaired. Based on the obtained observations, this degradation mechanism was adapted to lithium nickel cobalt manganese based cells as main cause of the capacity fading. However, with the help a developed total X-ray fluorescence method and additional surface and electrolyte investigations, the proposed HF based mechanism was disproven. Instead, the migration was directly associated with material defects or mechanical spalling of the particles. Furthermore, with the obtained quantitative data of the migrated transition metals on the anode and separator, the contribution on the capacity fade was determined. It ranged only the ‰ region and could therefore be excluded as the main source of the capacity in these lithium ion batteries. Nevertheless, the oxidation state of the cations is hardly accessible; but would provide further information about the exact migrating mechanisms. In addition, lithium can be "lost" or immobilized during charge/discharge and is therefore no longer available as an electrochemically active cation. For example, the formation, reformation, and growth of the solid electrolyte interphase and cathode electrolyte interphase leads to an increased active lithium loss during cycling. The investigations on this topic are frequently reported in literature; however, quantitative data on the actual lithium distribution throughout the cell are relatively few. Furthermore, the exact amount of lost lithium in the in the respective interphases is so far not available. In order to determine quantitatively the lithium distribution within the cell, inductively coupled plasma-based method was applied. For laboratory test cells, the lithium tha...

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Section: Transition Metal Dissoluton Migration and Deposition: Electr...contrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Transition Metal Dissoluton Migration and Deposition: Electr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cations on the Performance of Lithium Ion Batteries: A Quantitative Analytical Approach

Nowak

Winter

2018

Acc. Chem. Res.

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“…The method for the anodes was already reported in the literature. 47 This method was adapted for the cathodes regarding the pulse conditions which was changed to 40 ms for the pulse duration and 1 kHz for the pulse frequency.…”

Section: Gd-sf-ms Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the lithium ion movement in lithium ion batteries: determination of the isotopic abundances of ⁶Li and ⁷Li

et al. 2019

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“…Therefore, the analysis of the stoichiometry of the electrodes can reveal the loss of TMs due to the above-explained effects. While inductively coupled plasma-based methods are routinely used for this purpose, the addition of chromatographic methods can provide valuable information since certified reference materials are not available presently [59,[122][123][124][125].…”

Section: Lithium Ion Battery Aging and Degradation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatographic Techniques in the Research Area of Lithium Ion Batteries: Current State-of-the-Art

et al. 2019

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Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in numerous application areas, including portable consumer electronics, medicine, grid storage, electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. One major challenge during operation and storage is the degradation of the cell constituents, which is called aging. This phenomenon drastically reduces both storage lifetime and cycle lifetime. Due to numerous aging effects, originating from both the individual LIB cell constituents as well as their interactions, a wide variety of instruments and methods are necessary for aging investigations. In particular, chromatographic methods are frequently applied for the analysis of the typically used liquid non-aqueous battery electrolytes based on organic solvents or ionic liquids. Moreover, chromatographic methods have also been recently used to investigate the composition of electrode materials. In this review, we will give an overview of the current state of chromatographic methods in the context of LIB cell research.

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Matrix-matched standards for the quantification of elemental lithium ion battery degradation products deposited on carbonaceous negative electrodes using pulsed-glow discharge-sector field-mass spectrometry

Abstract: A glow discharge-sector field-mass spectrometry (GD-SF-MS) method using matrix-matched self-prepared carbonaceous standards for elemental battery degradation products of (NCM111) electrodes was developed.

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

The Role of Cations on the Performance of Lithium Ion Batteries: A Quantitative Analytical Approach

The Role of Cations on the Performance of Lithium Ion Batteries: A Quantitative Analytical Approach

Deciphering the lithium ion movement in lithium ion batteries: determination of the isotopic abundances of ⁶Li and ⁷Li

Chromatographic Techniques in the Research Area of Lithium Ion Batteries: Current State-of-the-Art

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Matrix-matched standards for the quantification of elemental lithium ion battery degradation products deposited on carbonaceous negative electrodes using pulsed-glow discharge-sector field-mass spectrometry

Abstract: A glow discharge-sector field-mass spectrometry (GD-SF-MS) method using matrix-matched self-prepared carbonaceous standards for elemental battery degradation products of (NCM111) electrodes was developed.

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

The Role of Cations on the Performance of Lithium Ion Batteries: A Quantitative Analytical Approach

The Role of Cations on the Performance of Lithium Ion Batteries: A Quantitative Analytical Approach

Deciphering the lithium ion movement in lithium ion batteries: determination of the isotopic abundances of 6Li and 7Li

Chromatographic Techniques in the Research Area of Lithium Ion Batteries: Current State-of-the-Art

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Deciphering the lithium ion movement in lithium ion batteries: determination of the isotopic abundances of ⁶Li and ⁷Li