Matrix interference free determination of perchlorate in urine by ion association–ion chromatography–mass spectrometry

Electrokinetic injection across supported liquid membranes: New sample pretreatment technique for online coupling to capillary electrophoresis. Direct analysis of perchlorate in biological samples

“…Perchlorate, which is usually ingested through drinking water, dairy products, and other foods , is eliminated from human body almost exclusively via urine, and additionally through breast milk in lactating mothers . It is not metabolized but excreted virtually unchanged in humans .…”

“…Dodds et al combined IC with ESI‐MS and reported LOD of 8.4 μg/L in whole fish homogenate. Further increase in sensitivity was achieved by using ion association‐IC‐MS and ultrafiltration‐IC‐MS in urine and milk samples, reporting LODs of ∼0.1 μg/L. Perhaps, the lowest reported value for perchlorate in biological matrices was achieved by Valentin‐Blasini et al at 0.025 μg/L in human urine using IC‐MS/MS.…”

“…Traditional sample pretreatment techniques, such as solid‐phase extraction and liquid–liquid extraction, are mostly applied in quantitative analysis of perchlorate , which are time consuming, costly, and use large volumes of samples and organic solvents. Alternative pretreatment processes have therefore been described and although these processes have lowered the sample consumption and reduced the use of organic solvents, they are still quite complicated, laborious, time consuming, and are performed off‐line.…”

The evaluation and comparison of trigonal and linear tricationic ion-pairing reagents for the detection of anions in positive mode ESI-MS

“…Common separation methods include ion chromatography [1,[12][13][14][15], ion pair chromatography [3,11,16], reverse-phase mode chromatography [17][18][19], and capillary electrophoresis (CE) [4,5,20]. To enhance the spectroscopic detection of anions that do not contain a UV chromophore, some CE and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods utilize sample derivatization [21,22] or indirect UV or fluorescence detection methods [23][24][25].…”

Perchlorate: a cause for iodine deficiency?

“…To be sure, having edited and organised a special issue of a journal devoted solely to perchlorate, [12] and making numerous others forays into this topic, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] the present author should hardly be the one to live in a glass house and throw the proverbial stones. Still, it is hard not to look around today in the United States and note that at one extreme, environmental groups are demanding stringent perchlorate regulations in drinking water, clean-up of contaminated areas and so on, [22] while the Department of Defence is largely sponsoring research that is focussed on how widely natural perchlorate is distributed, how it may have originated naturally, [23,24] or how major perchlorate contamination is to be remediated and the effects (or lack thereof) of occupational perchlorate exposure.Yet others in our National and Federal Laboratories are developing increasingly more sophisticated isotope discrimination methods that may be able to distinguish between perchlorate of anthropogenic and natural origins.…”