Matrix dimensionality and stiffness cooperatively regulate osteogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells

Direct influence of culture dimensionality on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation at various matrix stiffnesses using a fibrous self‐assembling peptide hydrogel

“…Thus when engineering new bone, for instance, one should most likely select a relatively stiff matrix that allows MSCs to spread out on its surface. This surface need not necessarily be flat on a macroscopic scale, but instead present a relatively flat surface on the length scale of the cell, similar to that present in many foam‐like scaffolds that contain pores larger than the cell itself . In contrast, culture of MSCs in a relatively stiff 3D matrix that constrains this shape can induce the formation of cells undergoing terminal chondrogenesis in the presence of the same osteogenic induction factors.…”

“…This surface need not necessarily be flat on a macroscopic scale, but instead present a relatively flat surface on the length scale of the cell, similar to that present in many foam-like scaffolds that contain pores larger than the cell itself. [57][58][59] In contrast, culture of MSCs in a relatively stiff 3D matrix that constrains this shape can induce the formation of cells undergoing terminal chondrogenesis in the presence of the same osteogenic induction factors. While these cells deposit mineral and express alkaline phosphatase, they also undergo programmed cell death, which may limit their utility for bone generation.…”

Harnessing the Properties of Biomaterial to Enhance the Immunomodulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…The influence of biomaterial stiffness on the morphology, proliferation, and differentiation of MSCS has been investigated, 41,42 yet little is known about its role in the immunoregulatory function of MSCs. A study that used next-generation sequencing showed that murine MSCs embedded in alginate hydrogels with a variety of stiffness values exhibited different profiles of differentially expressed genes and enrichment of transcription factor hubs (including p65, a subunit of NF-kB).…”

Topographical cues of direct metal laser sintering titanium surfaces facilitate osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through epigenetic regulation

“…These results suggest that the hierarchical micro/nanoscale topography of DMLS surface provides a better microenvironment for the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs than the other samples. Besides, nanotopographic cues have been reported to alter the organization of various cytoskeletal components (eg, F‐actin, α‐tubulin and γ‐tubulin) and therefore affect cell morphology, with a tendency to favour osteogenic differentiation . In this study, it was observed that cells on DMLS surface exhibited more F‐actin in the cytoskeleton and larger bundles of filament compared with the Ti group.…”