Matrine displayed antiviral activity in porcine alveolar macrophages co-infected by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2

Abstract

The co-infection of porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is quite common in clinical settings and no effective treatment to the co-infection is available. In this study, we established the porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) cells model co-infected with PRRSV/PCV2 with modification in vitro, and investigated the antiviral activity of Matrine on this cell model and further evaluated the effect of Matrine on virus-induced TLR3,4/NF-κB/TNF-α pathway. The results demonstrated PAM cells inoculated with PRRSV followed by PCV2 2 h later enhanced PRRSV and PCV2 replications. Matrine treatment suppressed both PRRSV and PCV2 infection at 12 h post infection. Furthermore, PRRSV/PCV2 co- infection induced IκBα degradation and phosphorylation as well as the translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus indicating that PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection induced NF-κB activation. Matrine treatment significantly down-regulated the expression of TLR3, TLR4 and TNF-α although it, to some extent, suppressed p-IκBα expression, suggesting that TLR3,4/NF-κB/TNF-α pathway play an important role of Matrine in combating PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection. It is concluded that Matrine possesses activity against PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection in vitro and suppression of the TLR3,4/NF-κB/TNF-α pathway as an important underlying molecular mechanism. These findings warrant Matrine to be further explored for its antiviral activity in clinical settings.

Ultrastructural changes during lung carcinogenesis-modulation by curcumin and quercetin

“…In the normal control mice, type I and II alveolar cells were recognized (6). The alveolar epithelium of type I consisted of cells forming a thin layer of lining of the alveolar air spaces with nuclei occasionally bulging into the alveolar lumen.…”

A radical form of nitric oxide inhibits porcine circovirus type 2 replication in vitro

“…Supernatant from each sample was collected at different time points, then NO levels were quantitated by Griess reaction with a microplate reader at 540 nm and compared to a standard curve made from sodium nitrite. Data were presented as means ± SD from three independent experiments (**P < 0.01 vs the untreated control group, #P < 0.05 vs SNP-treated group) decreased PCV2 replication mediated by L-arginine, matrine and selenium was confirmed in vitro and/or in vivo [15,24,25]. Although the antiviral activity of NO has been proved by much research work, regulation of PCV2 replication induced by NO remains unknown to us.…”

Herbal extracts as antiviral agents

“…Furthermore, it has been shown that SSD could exhibit an antiproliferative effect in activated T-lymphocyte, via suppression of NF-kB, NF-AT, and AP-1 signaling (Tundis et al, 2009). Many studies have recently focused on the use of Chinese herbal medicines to treat or prevent PCV2-induced health disorders (Sun et al, 2016). Existing data showed that B. falcatum could reduce PCV2-induced pathological effects, which can cause an imbalance in a variety of protein levels and cell numbers through modulating the content of immunoglobulin as well as hemoglobin (HGB) (Darwich et al, 2003;Pejsak et al, 2011;Sipos et al, 2004).…”