Matrilineal overthrows in rhesus monkey groups

Ehardt, Carolyn L.; Bernstein, Irwin S.

doi:10.1007/bf02692316

Cited by 66 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The possible reasons for submission are many, but they could be indirectly influenced by high ranking males. However, the males apparently rather play passive role in the fights, as was also observed by Ehardt and Bernstein (1986). On the other hand Ehardt and Bernstein (1986) also reported severe facial tissue and muscle damage and extremities of rhesus monkeys during a female overthrow, this shows why biting is the highest in the female-female case.…”

Section: Social Relationship Of Femalesmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…However, the males apparently rather play passive role in the fights, as was also observed by Ehardt and Bernstein (1986). On the other hand Ehardt and Bernstein (1986) also reported severe facial tissue and muscle damage and extremities of rhesus monkeys during a female overthrow, this shows why biting is the highest in the female-female case. Although, the means for conciliation, sex and approach were the highest for the female-male case and eating was the highest in the female-juvenile case.…”

Section: Social Relationship Of Femalesmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Social Organization and Mating System of Macaca Fascicularis (Long Tailed Macaques)

Anuar¹,

Ullah²

2011

IJB

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Long tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are organized into multi-male/multi-female groups have a strong hierarchical ties with each others. The data collected in present study was random and continuous sampling data. It was depicted from present study that the alpha male exhibit significant dominance for the behaviour of fighting (p<0.05), eating (p<0.05) and grooming (received) (p<0.05). Other behaviours grooming (given), attacking and protection were observed higher in beta male. Furthermore, the male and female social relationships were also assessed and compared to the other members of the group. The behaviors of males was found significant for the aggression (p<0.028), approach (p<0.002) and reconciliation (p<0.01), while observed significant difference in the behavior of grooming (p<0.012), biting (p<0.016), sex (p<0.031), submission (p<0.004) and baby care (p<0.01) in females respectively. It is concluded that the Macaca fascicularis bound in hierarchical system and mating structure showed that the male and female mate with multiple partners suggesting that mating is composed on polyandry and polygamy. Keywords: Macaca fascicularis, Social behaviors, Mating system IntroductionRegarding with the social organization of Macaca fascicularis Van Noordwijk (1993) described that primate social life is highly complex. They should maintain relationships with other individuals, as well as keep track of dyadic relations within the group. They have to recognize the rank of conspecifics and act accordingly (Nobuyuki, 2010). They must recognize adversaries and make decisions about which individuals to form alliances with. Furthermore, primates exploit social knowledge from the individuals they interact with. In order for primates to manage life in such complex social environments, social skills have got to be acquired and utilized (Janson & van Schaik, 1993). All species of macaques have a multimale, multifemale social organization and a promiscuous mating system in which both males and females generally mate with multiple partners (Soltis, 2001). Despite the knowledge of general aspects of mating behavior in the macaque, information on how mating activity is distributed throughout the female menstrual cycle and to what extent it is temporally related to the timing of ovulation and the female fertile phase does not exist. Although all anthropoid primate species, including macaques, can copulate at any stage of the ovarian cycle, Dominance style depends on the gradient of the hierarchy (Dixson, 1998): despotism signifies that the dominance hierarchy is precipitous. Furthermore, in primates, particularly of the genus macaques, these societies differ in a number of other characteristics: in despotic societies aggression is more unidirectional, social behavior is correlated more strongly with dominance, grouping is less cohesive mate choice is more selective, and male migration is more frequent (Thierry, 1990). Whereas each of these differences between related species is usually explained as a separate adaptatio...

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Section: Social Relationship Of Femalesmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Social Relationship Of Femalesmentioning

confidence: 60%

Social Organization and Mating System of Macaca Fascicularis (Long Tailed Macaques)

Anuar¹,

Ullah²

2011

IJB

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“…While the dominance rank of female macaques is largely a function of genealogy in troops living under stable social and environmental conditions (MISSAKIAN, 1972), it is socially rather than genetically "heritable," and can be permanently changed in a matter of seconds by social perturbations (CHAPAIS LAROSE, 1988) such as those caused by group fusion and fission and by stressful environmental events. Spontaneous matrilineal rank reversals occur even under captive colony conditions (EHARDT & BERNSTEIN, 1986). Female dominance rank can be an important factor in female mate competition (ZUMPE & MICHAEL, 1987, 1989, and the present findings indicated that it can also influence a male's preference for a particular consort; it may therefore influence sexual selection and reproductive success, especially in times of social and environmental instability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Sexual preferences during artificial menstrual cycles in social groups of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Michael

Zumpe

1990

Primates

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ABSTRACT. Eight groups of rhesus monkeys each consisting of one male and four ovariectomized females were observed while two of the females were treated with hormones to produce artificial menstrual cycles. These were either synchronized or offset by 7-day increments. Sexually preferred females, defined by the numbers of ejaculations per test, received almost twice as many ejaculations as did non-preferred females during all synchronized and offset cycles and during all cycle phases. However, short-term changes in partner preference occurred when the midcycle phase of nonpreferred females coincided with the middle or late progesterone phase of preferred females, suggesting a negative effect of progesterone on behavior during the menstrual cycle. There were highly significant differences between preferred and non-preferred partners for almost all of their sexual and social interactions, and preferred partners showed longer proximity and grooming times as well as higher levels of sexual activity. Partner preferences accounted for more of the behavioral variance between pairs than did female dominance, although males sought the proximity of dominant females independently of their partner preferences. Thus, in a setting uncomplicated by male mate competition, sexual preference by male rhesus monkeys is a robust phenomenon depending on complex interactions between dominance, hormonal status, and the individual behavior of female partners.

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“…There are only a few reports on matrilineal overthrows (CHANCE et al, 1977;GOUZOULES, 1980;EHARDT & BERNSTEIN, 1986), and each can only provide a case study, due to the nature of the observed phenomenon. To clarify the elicitors and the sequence of an overthrow it is necessary to collect data on these incidents in as many cases and in as many circumstances as possible, so that finally a quantitative description of a typical matrilineal overthrow becomes possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…To clarify the elicitors and the sequence of an overthrow it is necessary to collect data on these incidents in as many cases and in as many circumstances as possible, so that finally a quantitative description of a typical matrilineal overthrow becomes possible. Changes in male hierarchy (EHARDT & BERNSTEIN, 1986), fights among males (CHANCE et al, 1977), change in reproductive status (GouZOULES, 1980;EHARDT & BERNSTEIN, 1986) or a change in group composition (EHARDT & BERNSTEIN, 1986) are considered to be the most likely factors that can lead to an overthrow. Either a female can rise to the top of a hierarchy with the support of a male and subsequently support her relatives in aggressive interactions (GouZOULES, 1980) or the dominant matriline loses strength by the death of a dominant member (DATTA, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A matrilineal overthrow with destructive aggression inMacaca fascicularis

Gygax

Harley²,

Kummer³

1997

Primates

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ABSTRACT. We report the sequence of a matrilineal overthrow in longtailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) during which the a-matriline dropped to the third of four ranks. In the initial phase of the overthrow, females from the former second ranking matriline attacked the females of the former a-matriline in a sequence which suggests a strategy. They attacked the highest ranking mother first and then directed their attacks toward her daughter, then toward her grand-daughter, and finally toward her great-grand-daughter. This seems to be the most effective way to disrupt the possible interventions of mothers in favor of their daughters.

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Matrilineal overthrows in rhesus monkey groups

Cited by 66 publications

References 41 publications

Social Organization and Mating System of Macaca Fascicularis (Long Tailed Macaques)

Social Organization and Mating System of Macaca Fascicularis (Long Tailed Macaques)

Sexual preferences during artificial menstrual cycles in social groups of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

A matrilineal overthrow with destructive aggression inMacaca fascicularis

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