Matriclans shape populations: Insights from the Angolan Namib Desert into the maternal genetic history of southern Africa

Oliveira, Sandra; Fehn, Anne-Maria; Aço, Teresa; Lages, Fernanda; Gayà-Vidal, Magdalena; Pakendorf, Brigitte; Stoneking, Mark; Rocha, Jorge

doi:10.1002/ajpa.23378

Cited by 21 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…S5). The demographic profile of the Kuvale, who display high frequencies of "Khoisan"-related mtDNA haplogroups, remained similar to the Himba, who have similar sample sizes and do not show signs of "Khoisan" introgression in their mtDNA 9 , suggesting that the differences between female and male BSPs of pastoralists are not exclusively due to admixture with resident foragers (Fig. S5).…”

Section: Cc-by-nc-mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…We used a strict clock and a mutation rate of 0.74x10 Table S2. We performed additional BEAST runs to build Bayesian Skyline plots (BSP) for different population groupings based on NRY and previously published mtDNA data 9 , and also for specific NRY haplogroups (see settings in Table S2). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indexed libraries produced previously 9 were enriched for 2.3 Mb of target NRY as previously described 17 . Paired-end sequencing data of 100+7 bp length were generated on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform and standard Illumina base-calling was performed using Bustard.…”

Section: Nry Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To compare the levels of between-population divergence for the NRY with our previous results on mtDNA variation in the same populations 9 , we carried out AMOVA based on different partitions of the data (Table S5). Although we found similar amounts of divergence between the !Xun and Bantu speakers (22.5% NRY vs. 16.6% mtDNA), the genetic differentiation among Bantu speakers is much lower for the NRY than for mtDNA (4.4% NRY vs. 20.2% mtDNA), even when the Kuvale are removed from the comparisons to eliminate the confounding effects of "Khoisan" lineages on the levels of population divergence (5.5% NRY vs. 18.8% mtDNA) 9 (Table S5).…”

Section: Interpopulation Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we used targeted NGS to generate unbiased sequence data from 2.3 Mb of NRY in 170 males comprising seven small communities from SW Angola, whose complete mtDNA genomes have been previously investigated 9 . Despite being located in a relatively small geographic area ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of matrilineality in shaping patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA sequence variation in southwestern Angola

Oliveira

Hübner

Fehn

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Southwestern Angola is a region characterized by contact between indigenous foragers and incoming food-producers, involving genetic and cultural exchanges between peoples speaking Kx'a, Khoe-Kwadi and Bantu languages. Although presentday Bantu-speakers share a patrilocal residence pattern and matrilineal principle of clan and group membership, a highly stratified social setting divides dominant pastoralists from marginalized groups that subsist on alternative strategies and have previously been though to have pre-Bantu origins. Here, we compare new high-resolution sequence data from 2.3 Mb of the non-recombining Y chromosome (NRY) from 170 individuals with previously reported mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA), to investigate the population history of seven representative southwestern Angolan groups (Himba, Kuvale, Kwisi, Kwepe, Twa, Tjimba, !Xun) and to study the causes and consequences of sex-biased processes in their genetic variation. We found no clear link between the formerly Kwadi-speaking Kwepe and pre-Bantu eastern African migrants, and no pre-Bantu NRY lineages among Bantu-speaking groups, except for small amounts of "Khoisan" introgression. We therefore propose that irrespective of their subsistence strategies, all Bantu-speaking groups of the area share a male Bantu origin. Additionally, we show that in Bantu-speaking groups, the levels of among-group and between-group variation are higher for mtDNA than for NRY. These results, together with our previous demonstration that the matriclanic systems of southwestern Angolan Bantu groups are genealogically consistent, suggest that matrilineality strongly enhances both female population sizes and interpopulation mtDNA variation.

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Section: Cc-by-nc-mentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nry Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interpopulation Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of matrilineality in shaping patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA sequence variation in southwestern Angola

Oliveira

Hübner

Fehn

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence tries to settle hitherto putative history of Kayastha population of India

Sikdar

2022

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives Indian caste system is unique as it has an inimitable type of class system where the social ordering is done based on birth. Within the caste system, there is a distinct endogamous population known as the Kayastha, who have had inconclusive stratification records due to unidentified historical records. Methods To gain a more inclusive view on the history and genetic affinities of Kayastha people, complete mitochondrial genomes from 15 individuals of a Kayastha population from North‐western India have been sequenced. Results Interestingly, three novel sub‐clades (U2b2a, M3d2, and M33a3b) have been identified that represent unique Kayastha motifs. Conclusion The haplotype‐based analysis suggests that the Kayastha population shares genetic affinities with the Indo‐European and Sino‐Tibetan populations found in the trans‐Himalayan region. The FST based population comparison and the MDS plot indicates that Kayastha people have close maternal genetic affinity with the available genetic database of Brahmins, Kashmiris, and Tharus. The maternal genetic lineages among Kayastha population shows deep in situ origin that emerged much before settled life developed on this sub‐continent. Both mtDNA and Y‐chromosome markers, trace the genetic lineages of Kayastha population with Tharus, who regard themselves Kshatriya, corroborated by the oral history of the Kayasthas for their Kshatriya affiliation. It also validates genetic heritage of earliest settlers of India in both indigenous tribal and caste populations.

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Genetic structure and sex‐biased gene flow in the history of southern African populations

Bajić

Barbieri

Hübner

et al. 2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: We investigated the genetic history of southern African populations with a special focus on their paternal history. We reexamined previous claims that the Y-chromosome haplogroup E1b1b (E-M293) was brought to southern Africa by pastoralists from eastern Africa, and investigated patterns of sex-biased gene flow in southern Africa. Materials and methods:We analyzed previously published complete mtDNA genome sequences and 900 kb of NRY sequences from 23 populations from Namibia, Botswana, and Zambia, as well as haplogroup frequencies from a large sample of southern African populations and 23 newly genotyped Y-linked STR loci for samples assigned to haplogroup E1b1b. Results:Our results support an eastern African origin for Y-chromosome haplogroup E1b1b (E-M293); however, its current distribution in southern Africa is not strongly associated with pastoralism, suggesting more complex demographic events and/or changes in subsistence practices in this region. The Bantu expansion in southern Africa had a notable genetic impact and was probably a rapid, male-dominated expansion. Our finding of a significant increase in the intensity of the sex-biased gene flow from north to south may reflect changes in the social dynamics between Khoisan and Bantu groups over time.Conclusions: Our study shows that the population history of southern Africa has been complex, with different immigrating groups mixing to different degrees with the autochthonous populations. The Bantu expansion led to heavily sex-biased admixture as a result of interactions between Khoisan females and Bantu males, with a geographic gradient which may reflect changes in the social dynamics between Khoisan and Bantu groups over time.

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Matriclans shape populations: Insights from the Angolan Namib Desert into the maternal genetic history of southern Africa

Cited by 21 publications

References 81 publications

The role of matrilineality in shaping patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA sequence variation in southwestern Angola

The role of matrilineality in shaping patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA sequence variation in southwestern Angola

Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence tries to settle hitherto putative history of Kayastha population of India

Genetic structure and sex‐biased gene flow in the history of southern African populations

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