Matricellular proteins and biomaterials

Abstract

Biomaterials are essential to modern medicine as components of reconstructive implants, implantable sensors, and vehicles for localized drug delivery. Advances in biomaterials have led to progression from simply making implants that are nontoxic to making implants that are specifically designed to elicit particular functions within the host. The interaction of implants and the extracellular matrix during the foreign body response is a growing area of concern for the field of biomaterials, because it can lead to implant failure. Expression of matricellular proteins is modulated during the foreign body response and these proteins interact with biomaterials. The design of biomaterials to specifically alter the levels of matricellular proteins surrounding implants provides a new avenue for the design and fabrication of biomimetic biomaterials.

The Placenta as an Organ and a Source of Stem Cells and Extracellular Matrix: A Review

“…collagens and elastin), (2) multidomain adhesive glycoproteins (fibronectin, laminin and vitronectin), (3) glycosaminoglycans (hyaluronan) and proteoglycans (versican, syndecans, glypicans and perlecan, also known as heparin sulfate proteoglycan core protein -HSPG -or heparin sulfate proteoglycan 2 -HSPG2) and (4) matricellular proteins (i.e. proteins with an unusual diversity of functions that are nonstructural but that interact with structural proteins as well as with cell receptors, proteases, hormones and other bioactive molecules; an example is SPARC -secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine -which includes osteonectin, thrombospondin 1 and 2, tenascin C and X, osteopontin, CCNs and periostin) [Bornstein and Sage, 2002;Schultz and Wysocki, 2009;Morris and Kyriakides, 2014]. Matricellular proteins (previously described as pericellular matrix) are localized in a subcompartment of the ECM adjacent to the cells and classified as distinct, as they are present in low levels in adult tissues.…”

“…Matricellular proteins (previously described as pericellular matrix) are localized in a subcompartment of the ECM adjacent to the cells and classified as distinct, as they are present in low levels in adult tissues. Their expression is increased in development, certain pathologies and after injuries, they can be soluble and insoluble, they function contextually as modulators of cell-matrix interactions, they often induce the deadhesion of cells as opposed to the adhesion properties of most matrix proteins, and they have a grossly normal or subtle altered phenotype in knockout mice [Bornstein and Sage, 2002;Bornstein, 2009;Morris and Kyriakides, 2014]. During decidualization (i.e.…”

Progress in material design for biomedical applications

“…Early, this proteinaceous layer facilitates neutrophil adhesion and activation (105,106). With time, macrophages fuse to form foreign body giant cells that attack the implant surface while recruiting fibroblasts, which deposit ECM and form a dense, fibrotic capsule that isolates the implant from the surrounding tissue (107). As a more clear picture of implant rejection has developed, the community has begun to present an array of biocomplex materials that mitigate the FBR and assist integration with resident tissue.…”

Embryonic Stem Cells for Tissue Biocompatibility, Angiogenesis, and Inflammation Testing

“…The interaction of tissues with biomaterials causes a foreign body response which is accompanied by secretion of a variety of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines [Morris and Kyriakides, 2014]. To assess whether embryoid bodies grown on biomaterials would provoke an inflammatory response, the release of the cytokines IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12p70 to the cell culture medium was determined after either 3 days (day 8+3) or 6 days (day 8+6) of confrontation culture.…”