Mating‐type locus homozygosis, phenotypic switching and mating: a unique sequence of dependencies in <i>Candida albicans</i>

Soll, David R.

doi:10.1002/bies.10379

Cited by 76 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(176 reference statements)

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“…The biological role of mating in C. albicans (and by analogy in C. dubliniensis) is still not understood, and various suggestions for its role in the biology of these organisms have been made, ranging from facilitation of commensality (Magee and Magee 2004) to importance in pathogenesis (Soll 2004). Whatever that role, the highly varied karyotypes we have found in C. dubliniensis would rule out meiosis except as a very infrequent event.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Extensive chromosome rearrangements distinguish the karyotype of the hypovirulent species Candida dubliniensis from the virulent Candida albicans

Magee

Sánchez

Saunders

et al. 2008

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans, the most common human fungal pathogen, have most of the same genes and high sequence similarity, but C. dubliniensis is less virulent. C. albicans causes both mucosal and hematogenously disseminated disease, C. dubliniensis mostly mucosal infections. Pulse-field electrophoresis, genomic restriction enzyme digests, Southern blotting, and the emerging sequence from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute were used to determine the karyotype of C. dubliniensis type strain CD36. Three chromosomes have two intact homologues. A translocation in the rDNA repeat on chromosome R exchanges telomere-proximal regions of R and chromosome 5. Translocations involving the remaining chromosomes occur at the Major Repeat Sequence. CD36 lacks an MRS on chromosome R but has one on 3. Of six other C. dubliniensis strains, no two had the same electrophoretic karyotype. Despite extensive chromosome rearrangements, karyotypic differences between C. dubliniensis and C. albicans are unlikely to affect gene expression. Karyotypic instability may account for the diminished pathogenicity of C. dubliniensis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Extensive chromosome rearrangements distinguish the karyotype of the hypovirulent species Candida dubliniensis from the virulent Candida albicans

Magee

Sánchez

Saunders

et al. 2008

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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“…The reports concluding that nuclear fusion did not occur were based on crosses between clinical isolates analysed in Lee's medium (Lockhart et al, 2003a;Soll, 2004). As presented here, the clinical isolates used in these studies (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nuclear fusion occurs during mating in Candida albicans and is dependent on the KAR3 gene

Bennett

Miller

Chua

et al. 2005

Molecular Microbiology

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SummaryIt is now well established that mating can occur between diploid a and a a a a cells of Candida albicans . There is, however, controversy over when, and with what efficiency, nuclear fusion follows cell fusion to create stable tetraploid a/ a a a a cells. In this study, we have analysed the mating process between C. albicans strains using both cytological and genetic approaches. Using strains derived from SC5314, we used a number of techniques, including time-lapse microscopy, to demonstrate that efficient nuclear fusion occurs in the zygote before formation of the first daughter cell. Consistent with these observations, zygotes micromanipulated from mating mixes gave rise to mononuclear tetraploid cells, even when no selection for successful mating was applied to them. Mating between different clinical isolates of C. albicans revealed that while all isolates could undergo nuclear fusion, the efficiency of nuclear fusion varied in different crosses. We also show that nuclear fusion in C. albicans requires the Kar3 microtubule motor protein. Deletion of the CaKAR3 gene from both mating partners had little or no effect on zygote formation but reduced the formation of stable tetraploids more than 600-fold, as determined by quantitative mating assays. These findings demonstrate that nuclear fusion is an active process that can occur in C. albicans at high frequency to produce stable, mononucleate mating products.

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“…In addition to this yeast-hyphal transition that defines C. albicans as a dimorphic fungus, a number of other naturally occurring morphological forms are characteristic of specific cellular functions (Figure 1). These distinct morphologies include the opaque form, characteristic of mating-competent cells (112); the chlamydospore, a currently enigmatic thick-walled cell formed typically under suboptimal growth conditions (44); and the pseudohyphal form, which often coexists with the yeast and hyphal forms in vegetative cultures and during infections (120).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphogenesis in Candida albicans

Whiteway

Bachewich²

2007

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

358

339

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Candida albicans is termed a dimorphic fungus because it proliferates in either a yeast form or a hyphal form. The switch between these forms is the result of a complex interplay of external and internal factors and is coordinated in part by polarity-regulating proteins that are conserved among eukaryotic cells. However, yeast and hyphal cells are not the only morphological states of C. albicans. The opaque form required for mating, the pseudohyphal cell, and the chlamydospore represent distinct cell types that form in response to specific genetic or environmental conditions. In addition, hyperextended buds can form as a result of various cell cycle-related stresses. Recent studies are beginning to shed light on some of the molecular controls regulating the various morphogenetic forms of this fascinating human pathogen.

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Mating‐type locus homozygosis, phenotypic switching and mating: a unique sequence of dependencies in Candida albicans

Cited by 76 publications

References 70 publications

Extensive chromosome rearrangements distinguish the karyotype of the hypovirulent species Candida dubliniensis from the virulent Candida albicans

Extensive chromosome rearrangements distinguish the karyotype of the hypovirulent species Candida dubliniensis from the virulent Candida albicans

Nuclear fusion occurs during mating in Candida albicans and is dependent on the KAR3 gene

Morphogenesis in Candida albicans

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