Mating type gene MAT1-2-1 is common among Japanese isolates of Verticillium dahliae

Usami, Toshiyuki; Itoh, Mizuho; Amemiya, Yoshimiki

doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2009.04.002

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We inferred two possibilities from our results (Usami et al 2009). First, V. dahliae might be heterothallic, and its mating type might be biased toward MAT1-2.…”

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confidence: 75%

“…Our previous work revealed that 27 Japanese and nine foreign isolates of V. dahliae uniformly have the MAT1-2-1 gene encoding the mating type protein, although all the isolates are asexual (Usami et al 2009). However, we were unable to find the opposite mating type gene, MAT1-1-1.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1-41 in Table 1), including 36 isolates described in Usami et al (2009), using PCR and found an isolate that apparently lacks MAT1-2-1 (Fig. 1).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For the experiment, total DNA of each isolate was prepared as previously described (Usami et al 2002(Usami et al , 2005. We prepared a PCR reaction mixture (20 ll) containing 20 ng fungal total DNA, 100 pmol each of primers, VdMAT1-2a (5 0 -CGA CCGCTACTATATTGGCCC-3 0 ; nt 3327-3347 of accession AB505214) and VdMAT1-2b (5 0 -CTGCGACAGCA GATTCTGGGTTGCAAAGGC-3 0 ; nt 3932-3903 of accession AB505214) (Usami et al 2009), and 10 ll of Premix Ex Taq Hot Start Version (Takara Bio, Otsu, Shiga, Japan). Annealing sites and directions of the primers are shown in Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Asexual fungus Verticillium dahliae is potentially heterothallic

2009

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Verticillium dahliae, a soilborne plant pathogen, causes wilt disease in many important crops. We reported previously that the mating type gene MAT1-2-1 is spread to isolates of this asexual fungus. However, we did not determine whether V. dahliae is homothallic or heterothallic because the opposite mating type gene, MAT1-1-1, had not been identified. In the present study, we identified the MAT1-1-1 gene from an isolate lacking MAT1-2-1 and the mating type idiomorphs of V. dahliae. Each isolate we tested contained either the MAT1-1 or MAT1-2 idiomorph, indicating that the asexual fungus V. dahliae is potentially heterothallic.

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“…We inferred two possibilities from our results (Usami et al 2009). First, V. dahliae might be heterothallic, and its mating type might be biased toward MAT1-2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1-41 in Table 1), including 36 isolates described in Usami et al (2009), using PCR and found an isolate that apparently lacks MAT1-2-1 (Fig. 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Asexual fungus Verticillium dahliae is potentially heterothallic

2009

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“…Hundreds of dicotyledonous plant species can be infected by V. dahliae, including many economically important crops such as lettuce, cotton, and tomato (Bolek et al 2005;Fradin and Thomma 2006;Klosterman et al 2009;Atallah et al 2010). Although two mating types have been found in V. dahliae, it is predicted that propagation is solely asexual (clonal) in most if not all populations, as a sexual cycle has never been observed and the ratio between both mating types is greatly skewed toward one of the two (Usami et al 2008(Usami et al , 2009Atallah et al 2010;Inderbitzin et al 2011). Only in a few plant species has monogenic resistance toward Verticillium wilt been described.…”

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confidence: 99%

Extensive chromosomal reshuffling drives evolution of virulence in an asexual pathogen

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Sexual recombination drives genetic diversity in eukaryotic genomes and fosters adaptation to novel environmental challenges. Although strictly asexual microorganisms are often considered as evolutionary dead ends, they comprise many devastating plant pathogens. Presently, it remains unknown how such asexual pathogens generate the genetic variation that is required for quick adaptation and evolution in the arms race with their hosts. Here, we show that extensive chromosomal rearrangements in the strictly asexual plant pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae establish highly dynamic lineage-specific (LS) genomic regions that act as a source for genetic variation to mediate aggressiveness. We show that such LS regions are greatly enriched for in planta-expressed effector genes encoding secreted proteins that enable host colonization. The LS regions occur at the flanks of chromosomal breakpoints and are enriched for retrotransposons and other repetitive sequence elements. Our results suggest that asexual pathogens may evolve by prompting chromosomal rearrangements, enabling rapid development of novel effector genes. Likely, chromosomal reshuffling can act as a general mechanism for adaptation in asexually propagating organisms.

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Sex or no sex: Evolutionary adaptation occurs regardless

2014

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All species continuously evolve to adapt to changing environments. The genetic variation that fosters such adaptation is caused by a plethora of mechanisms, including meiotic recombination that generates novel allelic combinations in the progeny of two parental lineages. However, a considerable number of eukaryotic species, including many fungi, do not have an apparent sexual cycle and are consequently thought to be limited in their evolutionary potential. As such organisms are expected to have reduced capability to eliminate deleterious mutations, they are often considered as evolutionary dead ends. However, inspired by recent reports we argue that such organisms can be as persistent as organisms with conventional sexual cycles through the use of other mechanisms, such as genomic rearrangements, to foster adaptation.

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Mating type gene MAT1-2-1 is common among Japanese isolates of Verticillium dahliae

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Asexual fungus Verticillium dahliae is potentially heterothallic

Asexual fungus Verticillium dahliae is potentially heterothallic

Extensive chromosomal reshuffling drives evolution of virulence in an asexual pathogen

Sex or no sex: Evolutionary adaptation occurs regardless

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