Mating patterns of dermatophytes of diverse origin in India

Ranganathan, Sarangarajan; Balajee, S.; Menon, Thangam

doi:10.1007/bf00437501

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This may provide clues to identify MAT in other Ascomycota. A laboratory-defined sexual cycle is known in M. gypseum, and this is also supported by population genetic studies (23,44,54). Two teleomorphic forms, A. gypseum and A. incurvatum, have been classified into the M. gypseum complex.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Organization and Evolutionary Trajectory of the Mating Type (MAT) Locus in Dermatophyte and Dimorphic Fungal Pathogens

Metin

White

et al. 2010

Eukaryot Cell

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Sexual reproduction in fungi is governed by a specialized genomic region, the mating type (MAT) locus, whose gene identity, organization, and complexity are diverse. We identified the MAT locus of five dermatophyte fungal pathogens (Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton equinum, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton tonsurans) and a dimorphic fungus, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and performed phylogenetic analyses. The identified MAT locus idiomorphs of M. gypseum control cell type identity in mating assays, and recombinant progeny were produced. Virulence tests in Galleria mellonella larvae suggest the two mating types of M. gypseum may have equivalent virulence. Synteny analysis revealed common features of the MAT locus shared among these five dermatophytes: namely, a small size (ϳ3 kb) and a novel gene arrangement. The SLA2, COX13, and APN2 genes, which flank the MAT locus in other Ascomycota are instead linked on one side of the dermatophyte MAT locus. In addition, the transcriptional orientations of the APN2 and COX13 genes are reversed compared to the dimorphic fungi Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, and Coccidioides posadasii. A putative transposable element, pogo, was found to have inserted in the MAT1-2 idiomorph of one P. brasiliensis strain but not others. In conclusion, the evolution of the MAT locus of the dermatophytes and dimorphic fungi from the last common ancestor has been punctuated by both gene acquisition and expansion, and asymmetric gene loss. These studies further support a foundation to develop molecular and genetic tools for dermatophyte and dimorphic human fungal pathogens.

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confidence: 82%

Organization and Evolutionary Trajectory of the Mating Type (MAT) Locus in Dermatophyte and Dimorphic Fungal Pathogens

Metin

White

et al. 2010

Eukaryot Cell

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“…Recent studies undertaken by Michel Monod and Yvonne Gräser's groups suggest that the zoophilic strains in T. interdigitale are associated, at least in European veterinary practices, with cats [68], and that a genotypic discrimination using ITS may be possible [unpublished data]. Other animal hosts that have regularly yielded zoophilic T. interdigitale (usually listed as A. vanbreuseghemii) well confirmed by competent mating studies and/or by molecular techniques include rats [69,70], mice [71] chinchilla [71,72], hamsters [70,72,73], dogs [70,74,75], sea lions [70,73], guinea pigs [69], rabbits [75] and squirrels [73]. Phenotypically, the zoophilic T. interdigitale strains corresponding to the old variety 'T.…”

Section: The Arthroderma Vanbreuseghemii Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Species Concept in Dermatophytes—a Polyphasic Approach

Gräser

Scott

Summerbell³

2008

Mycopathologia

232

216

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The dermatophytes are among the most frequently observed organisms in biomedicine, yet there has never been stability in the taxonomy, identification and naming of the approximately 25 pathogenic species involved. Since the identification of these species is often epidemiologically and ethically important, the difficulties in dermatophyte identification are a fruitful topic for modern molecular biological investigation, done in tandem with renewed investigation of phenotypic characters. Molecular phylogenetic analyses such as multilocus sequence typing have had to be tailored to accommodate differing the mechanisms of speciation that have produced the dermatophytes that are commonly seen today. Even so, some biotypes that were unambiguously considered species in the past, based on profound differences in morphology and pattern of infection, appear consistently not to be distinct species in modern molecular analyses. Most notable among these are the cosmopolitan bane of nails and feet, Trichophyton rubrum, and the endemic African agent of childhood tinea capitis, Trichophyton soudanense, which are effectively inseparable in all analyses. The molecular data require some reinterpretation of results seen in conventional phenotypic tests, but in most cases, phylogenetic insight is readily integrated with current laboratory testing procedures.

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“…Spiral appendages are also observed. The mating type distribution of N. incurvata, N. gypsea, and N. fulva was determined to be nearly equal [94,[95][96][97]. Among Nannizzia species, only the MAT locus of N. gypsea has been characterized and was shown to have the typical dermatophyte MAT locus structure (Figure 1) [43].…”

Section: Nannizziamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ascomata are of the Arthroderma-type with constricted dumbbell-shaped peridial cells [116]. The heterothallic sexual cycle can be observed on Sabouraud 1/10 plus salts [112,116], Niger seed agar [28], and Takashio medium [95,117]. Mating type distribution is skewed in favor of the (+) mating type (MAT1-2) (80% to 95%) in different geographical locations, including Japan, India, and Germany [87,95,112,118].…”

Section: T Mentagrophytes Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heterothallic sexual cycle can be observed on Sabouraud 1/10 plus salts [112,116], Niger seed agar [28], and Takashio medium [95,117]. Mating type distribution is skewed in favor of the (+) mating type (MAT1-2) (80% to 95%) in different geographical locations, including Japan, India, and Germany [87,95,112,118]. However, one study reported that 30% of 10 Czechoslovakian isolates were the (+) mating type [117].…”

Section: T Mentagrophytes Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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She Loves Me, She Loves Me Not: On the Dualistic Asexual/Sexual Nature of Dermatophyte Fungi

Metin

Heitman

2019

Mycopathologia

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Dermatophytes are ascomycetous fungi whose sexuality is greatly influenced by their ecology. Sexual reproduction is ubiquitous among soil-related geophiles and some animal-associated zoophiles. In contrast, anthropophiles are generally present as a single mating type in the population and appear to reproduce asexually. In this article, the current knowledge on the sexuality of dermatophytes including reproduction modes, mating conditions, mating type distributions and the mating type (MAT) locus is presented in the context of revised taxonomy and discussed from an evolutionary perspective.

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Mating patterns of dermatophytes of diverse origin in India

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Organization and Evolutionary Trajectory of the Mating Type (MAT) Locus in Dermatophyte and Dimorphic Fungal Pathogens

Organization and Evolutionary Trajectory of the Mating Type (MAT) Locus in Dermatophyte and Dimorphic Fungal Pathogens

The New Species Concept in Dermatophytes—a Polyphasic Approach

She Loves Me, She Loves Me Not: On the Dualistic Asexual/Sexual Nature of Dermatophyte Fungi

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