Mating Behaviour of the Braconid Wasp, Apanteles glomeratus L. : (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) in the Field

Tagawa, Jun; Kitano, Hideo

doi:10.1303/aez.16.345

Cited by 53 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Since virgin females were observed to be less active than mated ones on the day of emergence (Kitano 1976;Tagawa & Kitano 1981), their host-searching activity under natural conditions might not be so high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of mating on the oviposition behaviour of the parasitic wasp,Apanteles glomeratus L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

et al. 1987

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The oviposition behaviour of mated or virgin females of the parasitic wasp,Apanteles glomeratus L., was investigated. Virgin females laid fewer eggs in a shorter time than did mated females (P<0.01), though the attack ratio and attack time of these 2 female types were the same. Progeny sex ratios of mated females suggested the occurrence of sperm shortage, because old mated females produced clutches of a high male proportion, sometimes consisting of males only. Recopulation of females was also observed, but actual insemination did not occur, and therefore, A. glomeratus females are considered to be fundamentally monogamous. Apanteles glomeratus L. is a common gregariouslarval parasitoid wasp of the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval. The hostfinding and oviposition behaviour of this species has been investigated by not a few authors (Kitano 1978;Sato 1979;Ikawa & Suzuki 1982;Ikawa & Okabe 1985), but the effects of mating have been little considered (Kitano 1978). As this wasp is arrhenotokous, virgin females can lay only male eggs.Most of the cocoon clusters of this species collected in the field contained both sexes, and only a few consisted of males alone (Matsuzawa 1958). If the oviposition behaviour of virgin and mated females were the same, as suggested by Kitano (1978), and if multiple parasitism is ignored, this would seem to indicate that the successful matings of females occur at a very high rate under natural conditions.In the field, most matings of this species were considered to take place immediately after emergence, on or near the cocoon cluster, but the ratio of successful matings was not so high on the day of emergence (Tagawa & Kitano 1981).In this respect, A. glomeratus differs markedly from another gregarious parasitoid of the same genus, A. flavipes, where all newlyemerged females mated within an hour (Arakaki & Ganaha 1986). Tagawa et al. (1985), however, suggested that females of A. glomeratus which failed to mate on the day of emergence had further opportunities of mating during their life, since the older females, with their lower mobility, tended to easily accept males. However, even if a high ratio of successful matings were actually achieved, in instances where sperm shortage occurred, mated females might produce only male progeny. Is the oviposition behaviour of females which produce only male clutches the same as that of those producing female progeny?The present work was carried out to assess the effects of mating on the oviposition behaviour of A. glomeratus by investigating the egglaying behaviour of mated or virgin females, and also by observing the recopulating behaviour of mated females. Materials and MethodsAdult A. glomeratus L. were obtained from cocoon clusters or reared from parasitized host larvae of P. rapae crucivora, collected in a cabbage field in Okayama.Throughout the work, the hosts were individually reared on cabbage leaves at room temperature in 350 ml plastic cups. The parasitoids were maintained at 20~ under a 16L-8D photoperiod re...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the field, most matings of this species were considered to take place immediately after emergence, on or near the cocoon cluster, but the ratio of successful matings was not so high on the day of emergence (Tagawa & Kitano 1981).…”

Section: Apanteles Glomeratus L Is a Common Gregariousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mating on the oviposition behaviour of the parasitic wasp,Apanteles glomeratus L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

et al. 1987

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“…In an earlier study, a sib-mating ratio as high as 60% was estimated for C. glomerata [29], suggesting systematic inbreeding to be typical for this species. Species with high levels of inbreeding are expected to suffer from high costs of diploid male production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

No Need to Discriminate? Reproductive Diploid Males in a Parasitoid with Complementary Sex Determination

2009

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Diploid males in hymenopterans are generally either inviable or sterile, thus imposing a severe genetic load on populations. In species with the widespread single locus complementary sex determination (sl-CSD), sex depends on the genotype at one single locus with multiple alleles. Haploid (hemizygous) individuals are always males. Diploid individuals develop into females when heterozygous and into males when homozygous at the sex determining locus. Our comparison of the mating and reproductive success of haploid and diploid males revealed that diploid males of the braconid parasitoid Cotesia glomerata sire viable and fertile diploid daughters. Females mated to diploid males, however, produced fewer daughters than females mated to haploid males. Nevertheless, females did not discriminate against diploid males as mating partners. Diploid males initiated courtship display sooner than haploid males and were larger in body size. Although in most species so far examined diploid males were recognized as genetic dead ends, we present a second example of a species with sl-CSD and commonly occurring functionally reproductive diploid males. Our study suggests that functionally reproductive diploid males might not be as rare as hitherto assumed. We argue that the frequent occurrence of inbreeding in combination with imperfect behavioural adaptations towards its avoidance promote the evolution of diploid male fertility.

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“…First, some species lay many eggs in each host so that wasp larvae develop gregariously. In such species, males often emerge before females and mate them as they emerge (7)(8)(9)(10). Second, volatile sex attractants are commonly found in parasitoids.…”

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Mate finding via a trail sex pheromone by a parasitoid wasp.

Fauvergue¹,

Hopper²,

Antolin³

1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In field observations and laboratory experiments, we found that virgin females of the solitary parasitoid Aphelinus asychis did not emit a volatile sex pheromone to attract males, contrary to what has been reported in many other parasitoid species. Instead, we found that virgin females deposited a sex pheromone on the substrate to which males responded by intensively searching on and near the marked area. Males did not respond to leaves exposed to mated females or to other males. In patches of 64 wheat leaves, males were dispersed from a central release point, and more males were subsequently observed on leaves exposed to virgin females than on unexposed leaves. The pheromone faded to inactivity in less than 24 h. To examine whether the trail pheromone would be sufficient for mate finding by males in the field, we modeled random movement of males among plant stems where the trail pheromone was the only cue males used to find females. The probability that females encountered at least one male in their lifetime increased with male density and time after female emergence. Given the range of densities of A. asychis in barley and wheat fields near Montpellier, France, the model generated an encounter probability sufficient to explain the survival of established populations. The model also suggested that difficulty in finding mates at low density might be a problem for invading populations.

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Mating Behaviour of the Braconid Wasp, Apanteles glomeratus L. : (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) in the Field

Cited by 53 publications

References 2 publications

Effects of mating on the oviposition behaviour of the parasitic wasp,Apanteles glomeratus L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Effects of mating on the oviposition behaviour of the parasitic wasp,Apanteles glomeratus L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

No Need to Discriminate? Reproductive Diploid Males in a Parasitoid with Complementary Sex Determination

Mate finding via a trail sex pheromone by a parasitoid wasp.

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