Mathematics education for relevance, responsiveness, and viability in Africa within the Fourth Industrial Revolution era

Abstract

Introduction 2 Historical development of problem-based learning 2 Definition of problem-based learning 3 Key features of problem-based learning 3 The problem-based learning process 4 Problem-based learning formats 5 Problem-based learning and self-directed learning 5 The role of facilitators and students in problem-based learning tutorials 6 Scaffolds in problem-based learning environments 8 Assessment in problem-based learning 8 Different types of problem-based learning problems 9 The design of problems 10 Advantages and challenges of the implementation of problem-based learning 12 Problem-based learning and pedagogies of play 14 Conclusion 16 Contents viii