“…The research documented that there have been many studies done on pre-or in-service teachers' mathematics anxiety (Austin, Wadlington & Bitner, 1992;Vinson, Haynes, Brasher, Sloan & Gresham, 1997;Tooke & Lindstrom, 1998;Newstead, 1998;Brown, McNamara, Hanley & Jones, 1999;Vinson, 2001;Uusimaki & Nason, 2004;Brady & Bowd, 2005;Idris, 2006;Gresham, 2007). For example, according to Brown et al (1999), Uusimaki and Nason (2004), and Malinsky, Ross, Pannells, and McJunkin (2006), the origin of pre-service teachers' negative beliefs and anxiety about mathematics could be attributable to prior school experiences, such as experiences as a mathematics student, and the effect of prior teachers, and of teacher training programs.…”