Mathematical simulation of direct reduction

Yu, Kunhua; Gillis, Peter P.

doi:10.1007/bf02674764

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Most of the current DR shaft furnace models proposed in the literature deal with the reduction by the gas mixture H 2 /CO; and they also greatly simplify the description of physical-chemical and thermal phenomena involved. Yu and Gillis (1981), Takenaka et al (1986) and Negri et al (1995) considered in their models onedirectional (vertical) fluxes of solid and gas species inside the reactor. However, in current industrial DR furnaces, the reducing gas is mainly fed radially, through holes in the side wall of the lower part of the shaft, which makes gas flow twodimensional.…”

Section: Fig1-hydrogen-based Route To Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling a new, low CO2 emissions, hydrogen steelmaking process

Costa¹,

Wagner²,

Patisson³

2013

Journal of Cleaner Production

129

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In an effort to develop breakthrough technologies that enable drastic reduction in CO2 emissions from steel industry (ULCOS project), the reduction of iron ore by pure hydrogen in a direct reduction shaft furnace was investigated. After experimental and modelling studies, a 2D, axisymmetrical steady-state model called REDUCTOR was developed to simulate a counter-current moving bed reactor in which hematite pellets are reduced by pure hydrogen. This model is based on the numerical solution of the local mass, energy and momentum balances of the gas and solid species by the finite volume method. A single pellet sub-model was included in the global furnace model to simulate the successive reactions (hematite->magnetite ->wustite->iron) involved in the process, using the concept of additive reaction times. The different steps of mass transfer and possible iron sintering at the grain scale were accounted for. The kinetic parameters were derived from reduction experiments carried out in a thermobalance furnace, at different conditions, using small hematite cubes shaped from industrial pellets. Solid characterizations were also performed to further understand the microstrutural evolution. First results have shown that the use of hydrogen accelerates the reduction in comparison to CO reaction, making it possible to design a hydrogen-operated shaft reactor quite smaller than current MIDREX and HYL. Globally, the hydrogen steelmaking route based on this new process is technically and environmentally attractive. CO2 emissions would be reduced by more than 80%. Its future is linked to the emergence of the hydrogen economy

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Section: Fig1-hydrogen-based Route To Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling a new, low CO2 emissions, hydrogen steelmaking process

Costa¹,

Wagner²,

Patisson³

2013

Journal of Cleaner Production

129

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“…По аналогии с модулем DINA-SVD [5] в модуле DINA-FIT реализована физическая модель, осно-ванная на решении уравнения равновесия плазмы в осесимметричном представлении [6] …”

Section: физическая модельunclassified

Dina-Fit Module (Module of Programs Library Virtual Tokamak)

Lukash¹,

Khayrutdinov²

2011

PAST-TF

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В статье описывается один из модулей библиотеки «Виртуальный токамак» -стандартная программа DINA-FIT для восста-новления равновесной плазменной конфигурации и профиля тока в плазме токамака по данным магнитной диагностики, полу-ченным в результате эксперимента.Ключевые слова: токамак, моделирование равновесия плазмы, восстановление по магнитным данным, библиотека программ «Виртуальный токамак». DINA-FIT MODULE (MODULE OF PROGRAMS LIBRARY «VIRTUAL TOKAMAK»). V.E. LUKASH, R.R. KHAYRUTDINOV.In the present paper the description of the standard DINA-FIT code is presented. That code is one of the modules of the library «Virtual tokamak» and is designed to simulate the plasma equilibrium and current profile with use of magnetic data obtained in result of experiment.

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“…Chemical composition in the solid iron ore changes from Fe 2 O 3 to Fe through intermediate oxides of Fe 3 O 4 , Fe w O, where w is the atomic ratio of iron to oxygen in wustite, which varies from 0.95 at the wustite-iron boundary to 0.85 at the wustitemagnetite boundary in atmospheric pressure. 8) However, w is set as 0.947 in this study. Gas phase is assumed to include CO, CO 2 , H 2 , H 2 O and N 2 .…”

Section: Blast Furnace Process Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modeling of Reaction and Flow Characteristics in a Blast Furnace with Consideration of Layered Burden

et al. 2010

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A blast furnace is modeled as a counter-current bed reactor filled with solid particles of coke and ore where the gas flows upward through the porous media while the bed material moves slowly in the countercurrent direction of the gas flow. An axi-symmetric two-dimensional steady state model is proposed to simulate the gas and the solid flow, where thermo-chemical reactions and heat transfer process are considered. It is assumed that two phases of solid and gas exist in the furnace. The charged material is treated as porous media constructed by alternative coke and ore layers, which have different permeability. The internal gas flow of the furnace is governed principally by burden distribution. For understanding of the influence of the burden distribution on the internal situation, the entire layer structure is predicted from the measured top layer structure and the solid flow is assumed as the potential flow. Using this burden distribution, the flow, energy, and chemical species conservation equations are derived for each phase. In addition, the phase mass generation/consumption caused by reactions, heat transfer between gas and solid phases, and the reaction heat are reflected in source terms in the governing equations. For several different L o /L c (layer thickness ratio of ore and coke layer) cases, layer structures are constructed and numerical simulations are conducted. The finite volume method was used for the numerical simulations. Through this approach, the flow, composition and temperature distributions within the furnace are numerically predicted.

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Mathematical simulation of direct reduction

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Modelling a new, low CO2 emissions, hydrogen steelmaking process

Modelling a new, low CO2 emissions, hydrogen steelmaking process

Dina-Fit Module (Module of Programs Library Virtual Tokamak)

Numerical Modeling of Reaction and Flow Characteristics in a Blast Furnace with Consideration of Layered Burden

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