Mathematical Optimization Method of Low-Impact Development Layout in the Sponge City

Abstract

Aiming at the optimization layout of distributed low-impact development (LID) practices in the sponge city, a new mathematical method combining Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) and preference-inspired co-evolutionary algorithm using goal vectors (PICEA-g) was developed and was applied in the Ximen waterlogged area of Pingxiang City. Firstly, a block-scaled rainfall-runoff model was built in the study area by using SWMM. Then, an LIDs area optimization model was established by linking the SWMM and the PICEA-g based on the Matlab platform, which took the area ratios of various LIDs in each block as decision variables and took the total runoff, peak flow, suspended substance (SS) pollutant, and LIDs cost as objective functions. Thus, the problem of LIDs layout was turned into a mathematical optimization issue. So the cost-benefit optimal solutions with different emphases were found by using this algorithm, and the LIDs layout optimal scheme for this area was further analysed and verified by rainfall-runoff model. The results show that the total runoff reduction rates of the system reach a maximum of 21.8%, the peak flow reduction rates of the system are more than 10%, and the SS pollutant reduction rates are reduced by about 30% compared with before LIDs under the design storms of different return periods. The reduction rates of each runoff index are higher than the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) method, and decision-makers can more effectively analyse the cost-benefit optimal solution from the Pareto solution sets. Therefore, the LIDs layout optimization method proposed in this paper has obvious advantages in solving similar many-objective optimization problems (MOOPs) in sponge city construction.

Optimizing Green-Gray Infrastructure for Non-Point Source Pollution Control under Future Uncertainties

“…NSGA-II was used in this study because it is a stable, fast and accurate MOO algorithm [ 46 ], and it was widely used in LID practices layout optimization [ 29 ]. SWMM lacks in an optimization module, which makes it difficult to recognize the optimal solution from the many simulation results.…”

“…Therefore, a few studies have proposed frameworks that coupled MOO algorithms with hydrological models for cost-effectiveness optimization of drainage systems. Men et al proposed a mathematical optimization method for LID practices layout and Sponge City planning by using coupled Preference-Inspired Co-Evolutionary Algorithm using goal vectors (PICEA-g) and SWMM [ 29 ]. Eckart et al developed an integrated framework by coupling Borg Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm (Borg MOEA) with SWMM to simulate the optimal LID strategies for stormwater control [ 30 ].…”

Urban stormwater management for sustainable and resilient measures and practices: a review

“…Rain barrels, permeable walkways or bioretention reservoirs were applied by combining LID with StormWater Management Model (SWMM) for reduction of catchment imperviousness (Nowogonśki 2020). In the sponge city, SWMM was integrated with preference-inspired co-evolutionary algorithm using goal vectors (PICEA-g) for LID practices (Men et al 2020). An approach combined with SWMM and multi-objective antilon optimization algorithm (MOALOA) was applied to recognize stormwater control measures (SCMs) as LID for control of runoff and mitigation of flood (Mani et al 2019).…”

“…Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (Fryd et al 2010;Zhou 2014;Ellis & Lundy 2016;Lim & Lu 2016;Casal-Campos et al 2018;Arahuetes and Cantos 2019;Altobelli et al 2020;Kändler et al 2020;Lin et al 2020;Kwon et al 2020;Hager et al 2021), Low Impact Development and Best Management Practices (Strecker et al 2001;Dietz 2007;Motsinger et al 2016;Mani et al 2019;Nowogonśki 2020;Men et al 2020;Song et al 2020;Zhang et al 2020aZhang et al , 2020bKhurelbaatar et al 2021), Water Sensitive Urban Design (Lariyah et al 2011;Beecham & Razzaghmanesh 2015;Siekmann & Siekmann 2015;Marino et al 2018;Ahmed et al 2019) and Sponge City Programmes (Wang et al 2018) are some of the stormwater management schemes which are being adopted in different countries.…”

Low impact development techniques to mitigate the impacts of climate-change-induced urban floods: Current trends, issues and challenges

“…Several studies also attempted the mathematical optimization of LID layouts and practices for the enhancement of LID performance and reduction of implementation cost. Men et al, (2020) optimized the layout design of LIDs in Ximen, Pingxiang, China using preference-inspired, co-evolutionary algorithm using goal vectors (PICEA-g) (Wang et al, 2013) and improved the runoff reduction by 21.8%. Bahrami et al, (2019) Oberascher et al, (2019) assessed the performance of smart rain barrel through optimization of its installation site in Innsbruck (Austria) and reported a reduction of flood volume by 18-40% depending on the installation site.…”