Mathematical models for ECE reactions at rotating disk electrodes using homotopy analysis method

Simulation of two electrode reactions coupled by the chemical reaction

“…The models of ECE mechanism in the voltammetry on stationary macroelectrodes give qualitative descriptions of the responses because the transient currents consist of the diffusion and kinetic components [ 25 , 33 , 34 , 38 ]. Under steady-state conditions on microelectrodes [ 6 ] and rotating disk electrodes [ 40 ] the diffusion component can be controlled and the kinetic contribution can be quantified. In this paper, it is shown that the kinetic current satisfies a general equation (22) and that the rate constant of chemical reaction can be estimated under certain conditions.…”

“…They were observed in electroreduction of p-nitrosophenol [ 16 , 17 ], benzenesulfonyl floride [ 18 , 19 ] and hexacyanochromate(III) [ 20 ] and in electrooxidation of tocopherols [ 21 ], methylcatechol [ 22 , 23 ] and dopamine [ 24 ]. The theory of this mechanism is developed for polarography [ 8 , 25 – 29 ], cyclic voltammetry [ 20 , 30 – 33 ], square wave voltammetry [ 34 – 38 ], rotating disk measurements [ 39 , 40 ] and the surface reactions in protein film voltammetry [ 41 , 42 ]. The steady state responses on the rotating disk were calculated for totally irreversible chemical reactions and in this paper the investigation is extended to kinetically controlled, second order, reversible chemical reactions.…”

The Homotopy Analysis Method to Solve the Nonlinear System of Volterra Integral Equations and Applying the Genetic Algorithm to Enhance the Solutions

“…Also, others were able to solve Mixed Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equations using same method [16]. In the last years, the researchers [35,43] have been applied the HAM to solve the mathematical models as (porous rotating disk electrodes and ECE reactions at rotating disk electrodes). Finally, Liao [28] published an explanation of how to avoid "small denominator problems" by the HAM.…”