Mathematical Models and the Experimental Analysis of Behavior

Mazur, James E.

doi:10.1901/jeab.2006.65-05

Cited by 110 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…magnitude), a change in the rate of delay discounting is neither a necessary nor a sufficent condition for a shift of choice in the direction of 'impulsiveness' or 'self-control'. This is exemplified by the effects of AcbC and OPFC lesions discussed above, which, depending on the delays and sizes of the reinforcers, may have similar or opposite effects on choice behaviour, although, according to the present analysis, both lesions may have a facilitatory effect on the rate of delay discounting (see Mazur 2006;Bradshaw et al 2007). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

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Effects of quinolinic acid-induced lesions of the nucleus accumbens core on inter-temporal choice: a quantitative analysis

et al. 2007

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Rationale-There is evidence that lesions of the nucleus accumbens core (AcbC) promote preference for smaller earlier reinforcers over larger delayed reinforcers in inter-temporal choice paradigms. It is not known whether this reflects an effect of the lesion on the rate of delay discounting, on sensitivity to reinforcer magnitude, or both.Aim-We examined the effect of AcbC lesions on inter-temporal choice using a quantitative method that allows effects on delay discounting to be distinguished from effects on sensitivity to reinforcer size. B(50) increased linearly with d A (r 2 >0.95 in each group). The intercept of the indifference function was lower in the lesioned than the sham-lesioned group; slope did not differ between groups. The lesioned rats had extensive neuronal loss in the AcbC. Results-d Conclusions-The results confirm that lesions of the AcbC promote preference for smaller, earlier reinforcers and suggest that this reflects an effect of the lesion on the rate of delay discounting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…magnitude, manifested in Q) is also affected. Quantitative analysis based on a family of indifference points enabled an effect of both lesions on delay discounting to be revealed (see Mazur 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of quinolinic acid-induced lesions of the nucleus accumbens core on inter-temporal choice: a quantitative analysis

et al. 2007

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“…1 and 2) quantifies what practitioners already know: The arrangement of discrepancies between what a client usually does (O i /O c ) and what a client is required to do during intervention (I/C) will result in a change in behavior. Although intuitive in its narrative form, the disequilibrium model goes further in that it formalizes that intuition by quantifying it and providing a means to predict a likely result (see Critchfield &Reed, 2009 andMazur, 2006, for the benefits of quantification over narration). In formalizing reinforcement and punishment, the disequilibrium model specifies some of the necessary conditions that factor into the success of a particular intervention: A contingency that produces a response deficit will increase behavior whereas a contingency that produces a response excess will decrease behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the Effects of Interventions: A Tutorial on the Disequilibrium Model

Jacobs

Morford²,

King

et al. 2017

Behav Analysis Practice

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The disequilibrium approach to reinforcement and punishment, derived from the probability-differential hypothesis and response deprivation hypothesis, provides a number of potentially useful mathematical models for practitioners. The disequilibrium approach and its accompanying models have proven effective in the prediction and control of behavior, yet they have not been fully espoused and integrated into clinical practice. The purpose of this tutorial is to detail the disequilibrium approach and adapt its mathematical models for use as a tool in applied settings. The disequilibrium models specify how to arrange contingencies and predict the effects of those contingencies. We aggregate these models, and provide them as a single tool, in the form of a Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet that calculates the direction and magnitude of behavior change based on baseline measures and a practitioner's choice of intervention parameters. How practitioners take baseline measures and select intervention parameters in accordance with disequilibrium models is explicated. The proposed tool can be accessed and downloaded for use at https://osf.io/ knf7x/.

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“…Mathematical models are of various forms such as deterministic, stochastic, fuzzy, and uncertain forms, Mazur [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameter Estimation and Sensitivity Analysis of an Optimal Control Model for Capital Asset Management

Latunde

Bamigbola

2018

Advances in Fuzzy Systems

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Optimal control is a very significant field of modern control theory which has been applied in many areas like medicine, science, and finance. This work is based on realization of asset values as a benefit of asset management where a capital asset management problem is modelled and expressed mathematically from the perspective of an investor whose income is generated by return and capital gains on investments with price and return on assets assumed to satisfy uncertainty process. This results in an optimal control model based on uncertainty theory which relates two or more parameters that measures the condition or state of individual's investments. These parameters enable us to know the condition of risk involved in asset management and how to maintain and manage the assets in order to maximize expected present value of the utility of asset and minimize the risk involved to aid capital investment decision-making. Parameter sensitivity analysis is an approach given to a model so as to define significance of the factors related to the model where the whole parameter space is fully described. However, the model is applied to a real-life problem of capital asset management to deal with debt crisis of a nation's economy and the sensitivity analysis to determine the effects of the input factors on the model is investigated such that relative significance and sensitivity of each parameter on the model results are presented using parameter estimations. Finally the optimal control decision policy is obtained and discussed.

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Mathematical Models and the Experimental Analysis of Behavior

Cited by 110 publications

References 46 publications

Effects of quinolinic acid-induced lesions of the nucleus accumbens core on inter-temporal choice: a quantitative analysis

Effects of quinolinic acid-induced lesions of the nucleus accumbens core on inter-temporal choice: a quantitative analysis

Predicting the Effects of Interventions: A Tutorial on the Disequilibrium Model

Parameter Estimation and Sensitivity Analysis of an Optimal Control Model for Capital Asset Management

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