Mathematical Modelling of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D Printing of Poly Vinyl Alcohol Parts through Statistical Design of Experiments Approach

Abstract

This paper explores the 3D printing of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process by conducting statistical modeling and optimization. This study focuses on varying the infill percentage (10–50%) and patterns (Cubic, Gyroid, tri-hexagon and triangle, Grid) as input parameters for the response surface methodology (DOE) while measuring modulus, elongation at break, and weight as experimental responses. To determine the optimal parameters, a regression equation analysis was conducted to identify the most significant parameters. The results indicate that both input parameters significantly impact the output responses. The Design Expert software was utilized to create surface and residual plots, and the interaction between the two input parameters shows that increasing the infill percentage (IP) leads to printing heavier samples, while the patterns do not affect the weight of the parts due to close printing structures. On the contrary, the discrepancy between the predicted and actual responses for the optimal samples is below 15%. This level of error is deemed acceptable for the DOE experiments.

Spatial Trueness Evaluation of 3D-Printed Dental Model Made of Photopolymer Resin: Use of Special Structurized Dental Model

“…However, polymerization-induced shrinkage can cause internal stress in printed dental models, which will result in strain deformation and, subsequently, in poor dimensional accuracy [ 7 , 8 ]. In addition, the morphological structure design and filling percentage of the model also have a certain influence on its printing accuracy [ 9 , 10 ]. Therefore, many efforts have been devoted to evaluating the accuracy of 3D-printed dental models in the past decade [ 11 ].…”

Exploring the Effects of Laser Surface Modification on AISI 301LN Steel: A Micro-Mechanical Study

“…Laser processing is nowadays widely employed in several industrial sectors for operations such as texturing [1], drilling [2,3], cutting [4][5][6], welding [7,8] and 3D printing [9,10]. This technology usually leads to a texturing and hardening effect at the superficial level.…”

“…Design of Experiments (DoE) is a systematic and efficient method that enables scientists and engineers to study the relationships between multiple input and output variables, known as alias factors and responses, respectively [21,22]. Various Design of Experiments (DoE) methods can be employed to discern the independent and combined impacts of different factors that have the potential to influence measurement outcomes [10,23,24]. DoE can also be applied to gain knowledge by estimating the best operating conditions and, as a direct consequence, reduce the operation time and save money [25].…”

Optimizing Layer Thickness and Width for Fused Filament Fabrication of Polyvinyl Alcohol in Three-Dimensional Printing and Support Structures

“…These research efforts aim to understand how variations in printer settings, such as layer thickness, infill density, and printing speed, affect the resulting mechanical properties of PVA-based 3D-printed objects [28][29][30][31][32]. By identifying these relationships, researchers can optimize printer parameters to achieve desired mechanical properties in PVA 3D-printed samples [33][34][35][36]. AM, particularly Material Extrusion (MEX), refers to a swift and convenient manufacturing technique that employs raw materials in filament structure.…”