Mathematical modelling

Abstract

This chapter discusses composite indicators (CIs) as a special class of mathematical models, which can be looked at through the lenses of the five rules discussed in this volume. CIs sit between analysis and advocacy, and their use has social and political implications. The construction and application of CIs are multifaceted and require a thorough consideration of the variables and the weighting applied to each. As such, using the five rules expounded in the Manifesto can be highly valuable in constructing more transparent, reliable, and robust CIs. This framework can also help to inspect incumbent indicators for methodological or normative inadequacies.