Mathematical Modeling of the Pain and Progress of the First Stage of Nulliparous Labor

Effect of combined spinal–epidural analgesia versus epidural analgesia on labor and delivery duration

“…During the period under spinal analgesia for the CSEA procedure, dilatation progressed from 3 cm to 4 cm: this seems a poor achievement, considering that it accounted for 50% of the duration of stage I (113 out of 210 minutes), but no comparison with the LEA group is available. Neuraxial analgesia in nulliparous women has been associated with a slower active labor [6]. These data have been largely supported by observational studies about the first and second stages [7].…”

The Effect of Obesity on Neuraxial Technique Difficulty in Pregnant Patients: A Prospective, Observational Study

“…It is also of interest that both the duration of labor and duration of neuraxial analgesia were significantly longer in the Wang et al study compared with the previous studies [1][2][3] (over 10 h compared to 6 to 7 h) despite a rate of oxytocin use similar to that in the study by Ohel et al 1 A recent study from New York suggested that Asians have slower latent and active labor rate constants than women of other ethnicities. 5 Do Asians (in New York City and Nanjing, China) have such different labor curves than non-Asians? Could this be secondary to genetic polymorphism?…”

Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in anesthesia, intensive care and pain medicine

“…They showed that Asian women and heavier women had slower labor and slower onset of labor pain. However, these effects were modest compared with the substantial remaining unexplained individual-to-individual variability in labor progress and labor pain [53 ].…”

“…Debiec et al [53 ] illustrated that mathematical models (originally applied to model drug behavior) can be used to detect subtle effects of patient covariates on the progress and pain of the first stage of labor. They showed that Asian women and heavier women had slower labor and slower onset of labor pain.…”