Mathematical modeling of solid-state recycling of aluminum chips

Lela, Branimir; Krolo, Jure; Jozić, Sonja

doi:10.1007/s00170-016-8569-5

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As stated in the previous investigation, small extrusion ratio was not sufficient to obtain high quality SSR samples without any cracks, voids, and porosity [10,24,31]. Therefore, in order to improve SSR samples properties obtained with small extrusion ratio, ECAP process was performed.…”

Section: Combination Of Ecap Process and Heat Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Compaction was performed on a hydraulic press, while the force was measured with HBM load cell C6A 1MN sensor. Previously was showed that cold compaction force does not have any significant influence on SSR samples tensile strength or yield strength [24]. However, compaction force should be sufficient to achieve good billets structure without any chip disintegration or crumble.…”

Section: Turning Parameters Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to do statistical analysis, 20 experiments were performed according to the experimental plan. From an available literature review, there were only a few papers where authors used a similar statistical approach to describe SSR process for some other methods than presented here [19,[24][25][26]. Therefore, there is a lack of mathematical description of SSR processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical Analysis of the Combined ECAP and Heat Treatment for Recycling Aluminum Chips Without Remelting

Krolo

Lela

Dumanić

et al. 2019

Metals

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The main aim of this paper is to present an environmentally friendly method for aluminum recycling. Development of new recycling technologies in order to increase scrap reuse potential and CO 2 emission savings are of the main importance for aluminum circular economy. In this paper, aluminum chips waste was recycled without any remelting phase in order to increase energy and material savings. The presented process is usually called solid state recycling or direct recycling. Solid state recycling process consists of chips cleaning, cold pre-compaction and hot direct extrusion followed by a combination of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and heat treatment. Influence of holding time during solid solution treatment and both artificial aging time and temperature on mechanical properties of the recycled EN AW 6082 aluminum chips were investigated. A comprehensive number of the experiments were performed utilizing design of experiments approach and response surface methodology. Regression models were developed for describe the influence of heat treatment parameters for presented solid state recycling process on mechanical properties of the recycled samples. Utilizing novel procedure high quality recycled samples were obtained with mechanical properties comparable with commercially produced EN AW 6082 aluminum alloy in T6 temper condition. Metallographic analysis of the recycled samples was also performed.In order to reduce the negative effect on the environment, various authors recognized solid state recycling (SSR) as a possible alternative to the conventional aluminum recycling process [4][5][6][7][8][9]. When SSR is employed, material losses are much smaller because the remelting phase is completely avoided. Aluminum is a highly reactive material and it has a tendency to form aluminum oxide on its surface. This is even more pronounced for lightweight aluminum scrap due to its high surface to mass ratio. During the remelting process this oxide is floating on the melt surface mixed with dross. Therefore, aluminum lightweight scrap (chips, foils, and sheet skeletons) is problematic when conventional recycling technology is used because up to 20% of the aluminum can be lost due to the mixing with dross and burning [9]. According to previous research papers concerned with SSR process, it is possible for material yield to be over 90% when this type of recycling is employed, while energy consumption can be only 10% compared to conventional recycling process that uses remelting [6][7][8]. Furthermore, manufacturing profiles from solid state bonded chips gives a 96% saving in CO 2 emission compared to production from billets made by conventional recycling of aluminum manufacturing waste [8]. In order to produce SSR samples with appropriate quality, the combination of the high temperature, normal stress, shear stress, and plastic deformation should be achieved [6,7]. Therefore, the most used process for SSR is direct hot extrusion, but lately severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes opened new possibilities [10]. SPD i...

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Section: Combination Of Ecap Process and Heat Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Turning Parameters Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical Analysis of the Combined ECAP and Heat Treatment for Recycling Aluminum Chips Without Remelting

Krolo

Lela

Dumanić

et al. 2019

Metals

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“…This could be attributed to the poor welding towards inner regions of all samples due to the restricted atomic diffusion. The results inferred that the extrusion process at a low billet temperature could not consolidate materials efficiently, similar previous observations by Lela and Sherafat [38,111].…”

Section: Results and Discussion Of Tensile Testssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The optimum ductility can be obtained when the temperature of extrusion is maintained at 500°C. Wu and Lela [62,111]. Furthermore, the worst performance in terms of strength and ductility can be observed in all samples extruded at 400°C with the worst spotted on Sample 1 (S1), preheated for 1 hour.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Of Tensile Testsmentioning

confidence: 97%

An analysis of solid-state recycling of aluminium alloy AA6061 from controllable hot extrusion processes

Shamsudin¹

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Solid-state recycling of machining chip wastes via hot extrusion has nowadays been seen important to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse effect, perceived more important than the recycling by remelting. Characteristics of machining chips that are micro in size and large area-to-volume ratio in nature, melting can cause a massive molten metal vaporization leading to huge material losses. The hot extrusion process Contents iv

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Investigation on the Strain Induced Oxide Layer Fracture and Bonding During Cold Rolling of Aluminum Alloys

et al. 2021

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Mathematical modeling of solid-state recycling of aluminum chips

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

Statistical Analysis of the Combined ECAP and Heat Treatment for Recycling Aluminum Chips Without Remelting

Statistical Analysis of the Combined ECAP and Heat Treatment for Recycling Aluminum Chips Without Remelting

An analysis of solid-state recycling of aluminium alloy AA6061 from controllable hot extrusion processes

Investigation on the Strain Induced Oxide Layer Fracture and Bonding During Cold Rolling of Aluminum Alloys

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