Mathematical Modeling of Intensity-Modulated Bent-Tip Optical Fiber Displacement Sensors

Novel miniature MRI-compatible fiber-optic force sensor for cardiac catheterization procedures

“…In both cases the light is transmitted and received through the same optical fiber. A Gaussian curve can describe, as proposed by [14], the light intensity distribution profile of the light beam. The value of the beam's intensity is a function described by the cross sectional radius of the beam.…”

Optical-Fiber Measurement Systems for Medical Applications

“…This principle, when applied to a secondary transducer, allows to measure several physical variables: temperature, pressure, force, fluid velocity and volumetric flow rate. More complex configurations have been realized with solutions improving sensor performances (Puangmali et al, 2010).…”

Miniaturized triaxial optical fiber force sensor for MRI-Guided minimally invasive surgery

“…The deployment of bent-tip optical fibers as a part of the intensity modulation mechanism is found to be an effective means to modulate the light signal intensity since the most concentrated part of the light beam can be projected from the transmitting fiber core to the core of the receiving fiber [9]. In this configuration, the angle between the fiber tips is considered a key factor that greatly influences the performance of the sensing structure.…”

“…The mathematical model of the sensing structure that makes use of bent-tip optical fibers can be formulated by considering the geometry of its fundamental components [8], [9]. As depicted in Fig.…”