Mathematical modeling of cell growth in a 3D scaffold and validation of static and dynamic cultures

Abstract

Tissue engineering, an immensely important field in contemporary clinical practices, aims at the repair or replacement of damaged tissues. The mathematical model proposed herein shows the distribution and growth of cells in their characteristic time in a 3D scaffold model. This study contributes to the progress of simulation techniques in static and dynamic cultures of bone tissue. Brinkman, nutrient transport, and cell growth equations are brought together to quantify the growth behavior of cells. However, when a static culture is being studied, the Brinkman equation is eliminated. The model was validated by experimental cell culture using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and scanning electron microscopy. Then, static and dynamic cultures were compared to assess the cell density and cell distribution in the scaffold. Cell counting after 21 days of cell culture showed that the number of cells increased 42‐fold in static and 53.5‐fold in dynamic cultures, which was in good agreement with our model estimations (37‐fold increase in the number of cells in static and 49‐fold increase in dynamic cultures). In conclusion, our mathematical model could predict cell distribution and growth in the scaffold.

The effect of macropore size of hydroxyapatite scaffold on the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells under perfusion culture

“…4 ). Under dynamic culture condition, the flow medium was perfused through the whole scaffold and diffusional attenuation was avoided, thereby improving cell proliferation [ 35 ]. However, under perfusion condition, the early cell apoptosis rate in HAp-S was much higher than those in HAp-L and HAp-M.…”

Evaluation of rabbit adipose derived stem cells fate in perfused multilayered silk fibroin composite scaffold for Osteochondral repair

“…The most important point was that under perfusion culture, RADSCs displayed significantly enhanced cell infiltration, attachment, and multiplication compared with the static culture (Figure 5). It has been previously hypothesized that dynamic perfusion culture contributes to better cell growth compared with the static conditions because it allows a homogenous delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the cells 66,67 . In dynamic culture, nutrients are forced to pass through the central region of the scaffold by the perfusion bioreactor, which causes uniform cell distribution through all three layers of the scaffold.…”

“…hypothesized that dynamic perfusion culture contributes to better cell growth compared with the static conditions because it allows a homogenous delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the cells. 66,67 In dynamic culture, nutrients are forced to pass through the central region of the scaffold by the perfusion bioreactor, which causes uniform cell distribution through all three layers of the scaffold. It is notable that only after 24 h after dynamic culture, cell viability significantly increased compared with the static culture, indicating that the chosen perfusion rate (0.4 mm/s) not only did not cause cell detachment from the scaffold surface, but also greatly improved cell infiltration into the intermediate layer.…”

Generation and evaluation of input values for computational analysis of transport processes within tissue cultures

“…Since different affecting variables, such as shear stress, are nearly impossible to measure due to the complex geometry of bioreactors, computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) emerged as a remedy. CFD can simulate fluid flow in freely definable scaffolds and bioreactor geometries [ 8 , 40 – 44 ]. Given enough computer resources, high‐resolution simulation on micro‐computed tomography (μCT) reconstructed geometries can achieve precise flow distribution throughout the microstructure [ 45 , 46 ].…”