2003
DOI: 10.1007/s11663-003-0071-4
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Mathematical modeling of aluminum evaporation during electron-beam cold-hearth melting of Ti-6Al-4V ingots

Abstract: A mathematical model was developed to describe the kinetics of aluminum evaporation during the electron-beam cold-hearth melting of titanium alloys. The analysis treated the diffusion of aluminum to the surface of the melt, chemical reaction between the melt and vapor phases at the surface, and the transport of aluminum into the vacuum chamber. The kinetics equation was combined with appropriate mass and energy balance equations to determine the effect of melting rate, the electron-beam power input to the melt… Show more

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Cited by 52 publications
(36 citation statements)
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“…Similar measurements of evaporation losses have been made at the Paton Institute in Kiev, [4] a leader in the production of higher than those measured. The existence of an oxide film on the melt surface might reduce the relative rates of evaporation.…”
supporting
confidence: 72%
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“…Similar measurements of evaporation losses have been made at the Paton Institute in Kiev, [4] a leader in the production of higher than those measured. The existence of an oxide film on the melt surface might reduce the relative rates of evaporation.…”
supporting
confidence: 72%
“…[20] at y ϭ 0 is [6] [21] C Al /C [4] ). Assuming that Al ϭ 2700 kg/m 3 , ϭ 1527 Pa, ␥ Al ϭ 0.30 (average value for 0 Ͻ X Al Ͻ 0.125), and D (2100 K) ϭ 3.74 ϫ 10 Ϫ8 m 2 /s, the flux coefficients were determined to be ␤ ϭ 8.755 10 Ϫ5 m/s and h ϭ 2340.9 m Ϫ1 .…”
Section: [17]mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In several efforts [15,16], the com position was assumed to be uniform across most of the meltpool depth, but was taken to be substantially less within a thin 'boundary layer' at the surface through which solute must diffuse prior to evaporating from the melt. In the sim plest of such approaches, a mass-transfer coefficient, which is essentially also a fitting parameter, was utilized to describe the surface phenomena.…”
Section: Models For Ebchm Ingot Compositionmentioning
confidence: 99%