“…A common objective in these investigations is makespan, as it not only directly measures the time to complete a set of jobs, but also is linked to other important production metrics, e.g., earliness/tardiness of finished jobs and workload. The energy-related objectives include minimization of total energy consumption to process a set of jobs [3,16,19,22,28,33], non-processing energy [16,25], peak power consumption [17], and energy cost [20,25].…”