Mathematical model of freeze drying taking into account uneven heat and mass transfer over the volume of the working chamber

Mokhova, Elizaveta; Гордиенко, М. Г.; Menshutina, Natalia

doi:10.1080/07373937.2022.2058958

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A number of publications regarding the mathematical modeling of the freeze-drying process have appeared in the last decades. At first, a more simplistic approach was followed, by applying steady state models [ 51 ], and later on by applying a more holistic approach featuring dynamic characteristics [ 52 , 53 , 54 ].…”

Section: Freeze Dryingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As far as the process is concerned, in the freezing stage, the product becomes completely solid and then the pressure inside the chamber drops, in order for the rapid sublimation to be initiated. When sublimation begins, an interface between the dried and the frozen layer is created at the top of the product, which in most of the studies is assumed to be a uniformly retreating ice front, as presented in Figure 3 [ 51 , 54 ]. The retreat of this ice front continues until only a dry highly porous material is left behind, which signals the end of the primary drying stage of the process.…”

Section: Freeze Dryingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most publications, a one-dimensional mathematical approach to the heat and mass transfer phenomena of the process is applied [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. By making the assumptions that mass conservation takes place at the interface between the dried and frozen phase, that the same interface retreats evenly during the drying process until all free frozen solvent is removed from the material with a specific thickness, and that the heat transfer from the bottom of the shelf is carried out conductively, the equations that describe the phenomena take the following forms: Heat transfer in the frozen phase:

…”

Section: Freeze Dryingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Freeze-Drying Process for the Fabrication of Collagen-Based Sponges as Medical Devices in Biomedical Engineering

Katrilaka,

Karipidou,

Petrou

et al. 2023

Materials

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This paper presents a systematic review of a key sector of the much promising and rapidly evolving field of biomedical engineering, specifically on the fabrication of three-dimensional open, porous collagen-based medical devices, using the prominent freeze-drying process. Collagen and its derivatives are the most popular biopolymers in this field, as they constitute the main components of the extracellular matrix, and therefore exhibit desirable properties, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability, for in vivo applications. For this reason, freeze-dried collagen-based sponges with a wide variety of attributes can be produced and have already led to a wide range of successful commercial medical devices, chiefly for dental, orthopedic, hemostatic, and neuronal applications. However, collagen sponges display some vulnerabilities in other key properties, such as low mechanical strength and poor control of their internal architecture, and therefore many studies focus on the settlement of these defects, either by tampering with the steps of the freeze-drying process or by combining collagen with other additives. Furthermore, freeze drying is still considered a high-cost and time-consuming process that is often used in a non-optimized manner. By applying an interdisciplinary approach and combining advances in other technological fields, such as in statistical analysis, implementing the Design of Experiments, and Artificial Intelligence, the opportunity arises to further evolve this process in a sustainable and strategic manner, and optimize the resulting products as well as create new opportunities in this field.

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Section: Freeze Dryingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Freeze Dryingmentioning

confidence: 99%

…”

Section: Freeze Dryingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Freeze-Drying Process for the Fabrication of Collagen-Based Sponges as Medical Devices in Biomedical Engineering

Katrilaka,

Karipidou,

Petrou

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…Hence, when mathematical models are developed in order to describe the freeze-drying process, the heat and mass transfer equations have to be taken into account. In most publications, a one-dimensional mathematical approach to the heat and mass transfer phenomena of the process is applied [52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. By making the assumptions that mass conservation takes place at the interface between the dried and frozen phase, that the same interface retreats evenly during the drying process until all free frozen solvent is removed from the material with a specific thickness, and that the heat transfer from the bottom of the shelf is carried out conductively, the equations that describe the phenomena take the following forms:  Heat transfer in the frozen phase:…”

Section: Mathematical Modeling Of the Freeze-drying Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freeze-Drying Process for the Fabrication of Collagen-Based Sponges as Medical Devices in Biomedical Engineering

Katrilaka,

Karipidou,

Petrou

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Freeze-drying is a well-established process in biomedical engineering for the fabrication of three-dimensional open-porous medical devices, especially those based on biopolymers. One of the most used biopolymers in this field is collagen, the most abundant protein in the human body and the main component of the extracellular-matrix, as well as its derivatives. Freeze-dried collagen-based sponges with a wide variety of attributes can be produced by design and have led to a wide range of successful commercial medical devices, foremost for dental, orthopedic, hemostatic and neuronal applications. However, this is still considered a high-cost and time-consuming process that is often used in a non-optimized manner. By combining advances in other technological fields, the opportunity arises to further evolve this process in a sustainable manner, and optimize the resulting products as well as create new opportunities in this field.

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“…A similar finding was recently reported in [ 16 ] where higher nucleation temperatures were associated with larger ice crystals. This shows the need for the development of models for heterogeneous and composite materials [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Non-Isothermal Pore Network Model of Primary Freeze Drying

Thomik,

Faber,

Gruber

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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In this work, a non-isothermal pore network (PN) model with quasi-steady vapor transport and transient heat transfer is presented for the first time for the application of primary freeze drying. The pore-scale resolved model is physically based and allows for the investigation of correlations between spatially distributed structure and transport conditions. The studied examples were regular PN lattices with a significantly different structure, namely a spatially homogeneous PN, also denoted as monomodal PN, and a PN with significant structure variation, referred to as bimodal PN because of its bimodal pore size distribution. The material properties selected for the solid skeleton in this study are equivalent to those of maltodextrin. The temperature ranges applied here were −28 °C to −18 °C in the PN and −42 °C in the surrounding environment. The environmental vapor pressure was 10 Pa. The PNs were dried with constant temperature boundary conditions, and heat was transferred at the top side by the vapor leaving the PN. It is shown how the structural peculiarities affect the local heat and mass transfer conditions and result in a significant widening of the sublimation front in the case of the bimodal PN. The possibility of spatially and temporally resolved front structures is a unique feature of the PN model and allows the study of situations that are not yet described by classical continuum approaches, namely heterogeneous frozen porous materials. As demonstrated by the thin layers studied here, the pore-scale simulations are of particular interest for such situations, such as in lyomicroscopes or collagen scaffolds, where a length-scale separation between dry and ice-saturated regions is not possible.

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Mathematical model of freeze drying taking into account uneven heat and mass transfer over the volume of the working chamber

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Freeze-Drying Process for the Fabrication of Collagen-Based Sponges as Medical Devices in Biomedical Engineering

Freeze-Drying Process for the Fabrication of Collagen-Based Sponges as Medical Devices in Biomedical Engineering

Freeze-Drying Process for the Fabrication of Collagen-Based Sponges as Medical Devices in Biomedical Engineering

A Non-Isothermal Pore Network Model of Primary Freeze Drying

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