Original scientific paper https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI19S4273KThe creation of new materials based on nanotechnology is an important direction of modern materials science development. Materials obtained by using nanotechnology can possess unique physicomechanical and thermophysical properties, allowing to use them effectively in structures exposed to high-intensity thermomechanical effects. An important step of the creation and usage of new materials is the construction of mathematical models to describe the behavior of these materials in a wide range of changes in external influences. One of the possible models for describing the process of thermal conductivity in structurally sensitive materials is proposed in this paper. The model is based on the laws of rational thermodynamics of irreversible processes and models of a continuous medium with internal state parameters. A qualitative study of the constructed model is carried out. A difference scheme is constructed in order to find the solution of the non-stationary heat conduction problem with allowance for the spatial nonlocality effect. The analysis of the solutions is carried out.