Mathematical model of a gas diffusion electrode bonded to a polymer electrolyte

Bernardi, Dawn M.; Verbrugge, Mark W.

doi:10.1002/aic.690370805

Cited by 775 publications

(493 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

484

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…(6) of porous structures in batteries [30][31][32][33][34] and proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] Moreover, it has been implemented as a standard addition to predicting microstructures in electrochemistry models, such as in the COMSOL Multiphysics modelling software (COMSOL, Inc.). 23 However, predictions given by the Bruggeman correlation are not always consistent with experimental results.…”

Section: Porosity-tortuosity Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tortuosity in electrochemical devices: a review of calculation approaches

Tjaden

Brett

Shearing

2016

International Materials Reviews

200

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The tortuosity of a structure plays a vital role in the transport of mass and charge in electrochemical devices. Concentration polarisation losses at high current densities are caused by mass transport limitations and are thus a function of microstructural characteristics. As tortuosity is notoriously difficult to ascertain, a wide and diverse range of methods has been developed to extract the tortuosity of a structure. These methods differ significantly in terms of calculation approach and data preparation techniques. Here, we review tortuosity calculation procedures applied in the field of electrochemical devices to better understand the resulting values presented in the literature. Visible differences between calculation methods are observed, especially when using porosity-tortuosity relationships and when comparing geometric and flux based tortuosity calculation approaches.

show abstract

Section: Porosity-tortuosity Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tortuosity in electrochemical devices: a review of calculation approaches

Tjaden

Brett

Shearing

2016

International Materials Reviews

200

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Verbrugge and Hill [5,6] developed a one-dimensional model for the proton exchange membrane (MEA) based on the Nernst-Plank equation. Bernardi and Verbrugge [7] employed gas-phase transport and membrane models to investigate the performance of a gas-fed porous cathode bonded to a polymer electrolyte, and later they developed a one-dimensional isothermal model for the cell [8]. Springer et al [9,10] also derived an isothermal, one-dimensional, steady-state model of a PEM fuel cell to simulate performance with a partially dehydrated membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of porosity change of gas diffuser on performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Chu

Yeh

Chen

2003

Journal of Power Sources

162

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An investigation is made of the effects of the change of the porosity of the gas diffuser layer (GDL) on the performance of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The analysis of fuel cell performance with non-uniform porosity of GDL is a necessity because the presence of liquid water in the GDL leads to a non-uniformly distributed porosity in the GDL. To implement this performance analysis, a half-cell model which considers the oxygen mass fraction distribution in the gas channel, the GDL and the catalyst layer, and the current density and the membrane phase potential in the catalyst layer and the membrane is investigated. Four continuous functions of position are employed to describe the porosity, and differential equations are derived based on oxygen transportation and Ohm's law for proton migration and solved numerically. Results show that a fuel cell embedded with a GDL with a larger averaged porosity will consume a greater amount of oxygen, so that a higher current density is generated and a better fuel cell performance is obtained. This explains partly why fuel cell performance deteriorates significantly as the cathode is flooded with water (i.e. to give a lower effective porosity in the GDL). In terms of the system performance, a change in GDL porosity has virtually no influence on the level of polarization when the current density is medium or lower, but exerts a significant influence when the current density is high. This finding supports the scenario proposed by previous studies that the polarization at high current density corresponds mainly to mass transfer through (or the concentration activation of) the membrane assembly.

show abstract

“…(2) and (3) phase potential in the Nafion phase, respectively, and eff is the effective proton conductivity in the Nafion phase of an ordered nanostructured CCL, defined as eff = ε m (13) where ε m is the volume fraction of Nafion in an ordered nanostructured CCL and is the intrinsic proton conductivity of Nafion. The oxygen diffusion coefficient in the Nafion phase (D O 2−m )i s estimated as [50]:…”

Section: Model Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermodynamic reversible cell potential (E r ) as a function of operating temperature, pressure and reactant concentrations, can be expressed as [50]:…”

Section: Model Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modeling an ordered nanostructured cathode catalyst layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Hussain

Song

Liu

et al. 2011

Journal of Power Sources

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Modeling an ordered nanostructured cathode catalyst layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cells Hussain, M.M.; Song, D.; Liu, Z.-S.; Xie, Z.This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. abstract A 3D mathematical model of an ordered nanostructured cathode catalyst layer (CCL) has been developed for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. In an ordered nanostructured CCL, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used as support material for Pt catalyst, upon which a thin layer of proton-conducting polymer (Nafion) is deposited, which are then aligned along the main transport direction (perpendicular to the membrane) of various species. The model considers all the relevant processes in different phases of an ordered nanostructured CCL. In addition, the effect of Knudsen diffusion is accounted in the model. The model can predict not only the performance of an ordered nanostructured CCL at various operating and design conditions but also can predict the distributions of various fields in different phases of an ordered nanostructured CCL. The predicted nanostructured CCL performance with estimated membrane overpotential is validated with measured data found in the literature, and a good agreement is obtained between the model prediction and measured result. Moreover, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of key design parameters on the performance of an ordered nanostructured CCL. In the absence of liquid water, it is found that oxygen diffusion in the pore phase is not the limiting factor for the performance of an ordered nanostructured CCL, owing to its parallel gas pores and high porosity. However, the transport of dissolved oxygen through the Nafion phase has a significant effect on the performance of an ordered nanostructured CCL. Further, it is found that increasing the spacing between CNTs results in a considerable drop in the performance of an ordered nanostructured CCL at the base case conditions considered in the simulation.

show abstract

Mathematical model of a gas diffusion electrode bonded to a polymer electrolyte

Abstract: A mathematical model for an ion-exchange membrane attached to a gas-fedporous

Cited by 775 publications

References 27 publications

Tortuosity in electrochemical devices: a review of calculation approaches

Tortuosity in electrochemical devices: a review of calculation approaches

Effects of porosity change of gas diffuser on performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Modeling an ordered nanostructured cathode catalyst layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About