Mathematical Model for the In-Host Malaria Dynamics Subject to Malaria Vaccines

Optimal control analysis of hepatocytic-erythrocytic dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum malaria

“…Therefore, ( δ x , δ t , δ c ) represents the immunogenicity of the state variables X , T and C , respectively. The limiting effects of CD8 + T cells during parasite invasion is described using a nonlinear bounded Michaelis-Menten-Monod function ( Orwa et al., 2018b ). The parameters μ s , μ m , μ g represents the death rates of sporozoites, merozoites and gametocytes respective.…”

“…In ( Orwa et al., 2018b ), a combination of different vaccine antigens are shown to greatly reduce parasitemia and severity of P. falciparum malaria infection. Additionally, a combination of two malaria drugs, fosmidomycin and piperaquine was also established to have higher efficacy, safety and well tolerated ( Mombo-Ngoma et al., 2017 ).…”

A spatial nonlinear mathematical model of malaria transmission dynamics using vector control strategies

“…The simulation results showed that the increase in vaccine effectiveness and ant-malarial drugs in humans can reduce the reproduction numbers so that within a certain time the disease will vanish from the population. Titus et al [26] modelled and studied the in-host plasmodium falciparum malaria subject to malaria vaccines formulated and analysed. An efficacious pre-erythrocytic vaccine was shown to greatly reduce the severity of clinical malaria.…”

Editorial: Parasitism: the good, the bad and the ugly

“…With 220 million people affected annually by malaria, measures such as prophylaxis, eradicating mosquito vectors using pesticides, and developing a malaria vaccine, have been attempted to stop malaria transmission ( 37 ). Nonetheless, medication resistance, mosquito pesticide resistance, and vaccination failures due to parasite mutations or parasite immune manipulation have all been issues ( 38 – 40 ). Similar problems have been observed with other economically significant groups of parasites that cause disease in livestock, poultry, and domestic animals, such as protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites ( 41 , 42 ).…”

“…Nonetheless, some parasites do represent a serious threat to human and animal health; therefore, we must find an appropriate equilibrium between parasite burden, human and animal fitness, and ecosystem quality, all while adhering to the current one health concept ( 14 , 27 , 33 , 43 – 46 ). To achieve this equilibrium, parasite managements must rely on suitable treatment, prevention and control strategies, and their appropriate implementation at field ( 3 , 29 , 38 , 47 ). Studies on parasites management can serve as a link between health and environmental sciences, enabling accomplish the objective of the one health concept through an interdisciplinary and holistic approach ( 14 , 44 , 48 ).…”